Behavior of deoxophostones family as nucleophilic monomers in no-catalyst copolymerization

Summary Deoxophostone family(2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphospholane1a, 2-phenyl-1,2-oxaphosphorlane1b, and 2-phenyl-1,2-thiaphospholane1c) copolymerized with acrylic acid without catalyst to produce the corresponding copolymers. The polymerization proceeded via a cyclic acyloxyphosphorane to produce poly-(phosphine oxide — ester)3a(or3b) from1a(or1b) and poly(phosphine oxide — thiolester)3c from1c, respectively, with acrylic acid. It is of interest that the copolymer from1c with acrylic acid was not poly(phosphine sulfide — ester)4 but3c. The reactions of1a or1b with pyruvic acid or 1,3-propane sultone were also investigated.The present authors dedicate this paper to the late Mr. Ken Mizuno.     

Effect of preparation conditions on short circuits in sol-gel-derived lead titanate thin films

A model is proposed by which pore interconnection during firing is responsible for short circuits in thin films. According to this model, the number of short-circuited electrodes can be decreased significantly by suppressing the pore growth, which is achieved by optimizing the hydrolysis conditions of the coating solution and the rapid thermal annealing of the film. At the same time, it became clear that a sol-gel-derived thin film essentially involves a short-circuit probability. The dielectric properties obtained were ε=188 and tan δ=8% when fired at 800°C, for example. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Polymerization via zwitterions. 22. Alternating copolymerization of 2-acryloxypropionic acid with cyclic phosphorus compounds

Summary Alternating copolymerization of 2-acryloxypropionic acid (APA) as a new M_N with two M_N monomers of phosphorus containing ethylene phenyl phosphonite (EPO) and ethylene phenyl phosphite (EPI) have been disclosed. Copolymerizations took place without added catalyst to produce 11 alternating copolymers of APA-EPO and of APA-EPI. The structures of the copolymers were determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, as well as the identification of the alkaline hydrolysis products. The copolymerizations were explained in terms of a mechanism of zwitterion intermediates involving a hydrogen transfer process.     

Conceptual design of spectrum changeable neutron calibration fields in JAERI/FRS

Spectrum changeable neutron calibration fields are planned to be established with an accelerator installed in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute/Facility of Radiation Standards. The neutron fields are provided by bombarding a target surrounded by a moderator, with charged particles from the accelerator. In the fields, a wide variety of neutron spectra is provided with sufficient fluence rate for the calibration of dosemeters. In this study, necessity of the field was first discussed in view of relationship between readings of existing dosemeters and true dose equivalents where the dosemeters were used. Second, test simulation of neutron spectra was carried out with the Monte Carlo technique for some arrangements with a LiF target and quasi-cylindrical moderators with different materials. The simulated spectra were summarised in terms of fluence-average energy, fluence rate and calibration factor for the dosemeters.     

Effects of partial replacement of corn grain with lactose in calf starters on ruminal fermentation and growth performance

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of partial replacement of dry ground corn with lactose in calf starters on dry matter intake, growth rate, ruminal pH, and volatile fatty acid profile. Sixty Holstein bull calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program until 55 d of age. Calves were fed texturized calf starters containing 30.1% steam-flaked grains and lactose at 0 (control), 5, or 10% (n = 20 for each treatment) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed treatment calf starters ad libitum from d 7 and kleingrass hay from d 35. Ruminal pH was measured continuously immediately after weaning (d 55–62) for 15 calves (n = 5 per treatment), and 3 wk after weaning (d 77 to 80) for the other 45 calves (n = 15 per treatment). Dry matter intake, growth performance, and ruminal pH variables were not affected by treatment. However, according to Spearman's correlation coefficient (r_s) analyses, lactose intake was positively correlated with dairy minimum ruminal pH (r_s = 0.306) for the data collected from d 77 to 80. Similarly, hay intake was not affected by treatment, but positively correlated with daily mean (r_s = 0.338) and maximum ruminal pH (r_s = 0.408) and negatively correlated with duration pH <5.8 (r_s = ?0.329) and area pH <5.8 (r_s = ?0.325), indicating that the variation in hay intake among animals might have masked treatment effects on ruminal pH. Ruminal molar ratio of acetate was higher (45.2 vs. 40.6%), and that of propionate was lower in 10% lactose than control (35.3 vs. 40.2%) for ruminal fluid collected on d 80; however, molar ratio of butyrate was not affected by treatment. These results indicate that lactose inclusion in calf starters up to 10% of dry matter might not affect dry matter intake and growth performance of calves, but that greater lactose and hay intake might be associated with higher ruminal pH.