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22.
Kiyoshi Oguchi Kohei Sanui Naoya Ogata Yoichi Takahashi Tomihiro Nakada 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1989,29(6):353-358
Acetalized poly(vinyl alcohol)s which were synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and aldehyde or ketone were evaluated as electron beam (EB) resists, in order to investigate the relationship between EB sensitivity and chemical structures of the polymers. It was found that the acetalized PVAs were easily crosslinked by EB exposure. The main mechanism of crosslinking may be radical reaction at acetal group. The sensitivity of the acetalized PVA depended on the structure of the acetal group. Acetalized PVAs synthesized from benzaldehyde, in which the electron attracting group was substituted on the benzene ring and from linear aliphatic aldehyde having a long alkyl chain, had high sensitivity. A high sensitivity of 7.2 × 10−7 C/cm2 was attained when the acetalized PVA synthesized from p-chloro-benzaldehyde was used. Acetalized PVAs synthesized from PVA and aldehyde having a cyclic structure had an excellent dry etching durability and were suitable as negative EB resists. 相似文献
23.
Active application of primer acid on acid‐treated enamel: Influence on the bond effectiveness of self‐etch adhesives systems 下载免费PDF全文
Cíntia Tereza Pimenta Araújo Lúcia Trazzi Prieto Daiane Cristianismo Costa Mariana Avalone Bosso Erick Kamiya Coppini Carlos Tadeu Santos Dias Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo 《Microscopy research and technique》2017,80(8):943-949
Aim: Evaluate the composite‐to‐enamel bond after passive or active application of self‐etching primer systems on polished or pre‐etched enamel with phosphoric acid. Materials and Methods: Two self‐etch adhesives systems (SEAS) were used: Clearfil SE Bond and Easy Bond. Third human molars were divided into 8 groups (N = 10). The crown of each tooth was sectioned into halves and the mesial/distal surfaces were used. The adhesives were actively or passively applied on enamel with or without prior phosphoric‐acid etching. Resin composite cylinders were built after adhesive application. After stored in relative humidity for 24 hr/37°C the specimens were subjected to microshear test in universal testing a machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The results were analyzed with three‐way ANOVA and the Tukey test. The enamel‐etching pattern was evaluated under SEM. Results: The 2‐step SEAS system presented significantly higher adhesive bond strength means (47.37 MPa) than the 1‐step (36.87 MPa). A poor enamel‐ etching pattern was observed in active mode showing irregular and short resin tags, however there was not compromised the bond strength. Conclusion: Active or passive application produced similar values of bond strength to enamel regardless of enamel pretreatment and type of SEAS. 相似文献
24.
T. Hirao S. Onoda M. Oikawa T. Satoh T. Kamiya T. Ohshima 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(12-13):2216-2218
Single Event Effects (SEEs) triggered by energetic heavy ions traversing a sensitive parts of electric devices have been studied using high-energy heavy ion microbeams connected with Transient Ion Beam Induced Current (TIBIC) measuring system at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Applications (TIARA) facility. In the TIBIC system, SEE for semiconductor device, that is fast charge collection, has been observed in timescales of the order of picoseconds. In this paper, we show successful demonstration of the performance of the system, in which clear images of TIBIC map have been observed for Si pin photodiodes irradiated by 260 MeV 20Ne7+ and also by 520 MeV 40Ar14+ microbeams. 相似文献
25.
Yusuke Furuta Hiroyuki Nishikawa Takahiro Satoh Yasuyuki Ishii Tomihiro Kamiya Ryota Nakao Satoshi Uchida 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(12-13):2285-2288
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures was performed by proton beam writing (PBW) using a microbeam line at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), JAEA Takasaki, JAPAN. As one of the applications of the high-aspect-ratio structures micro-machined by PBW, we utilized the high-aspect pillars for electric-micro filters of microbes such as Escherichia coli and Yeast based on the dielectrophoretic force. The filter is equipped with high-aspect pillars with a height of ~20 μm and a diameter of ~1 μm on a glass plate. Evaluation of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) device for capturing E. coli and Yeast was made using either observation by optical microscope or photoluminescence (PL) measurements. 相似文献
26.
Bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was site-specifically and covalently immobilized on magnetic particles (MPs) using the enzymatic reaction of microbial transglutaminase (MTG). Immobilization efficiency was affected by the chemical surface treatment of MPs and immobilized BAP exhibited more than 90% of the initial activity after 10 rounds of recycling. 相似文献
27.
Chirp and stability of mode-locked semiconductor lasers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A numerical study of mode-locked semiconductor lasers is presented with special attention to the chirp characteristics and to dispersion-related criteria for stable pulse-train emission. The dependence of the pulse chirp upon the refractive-index change, both with carrier density and carrier temperature changes, is discussed. The experimental observation of blue-chirped pulses for passive mode-locking in contrast to red-chirped pulses for active mode-locking is found to be due to the different contributions of gain and absorber media to the refractive-index change. In addition, it is revealed that the boundary of the stable operation regime is critically influenced by the spectral characteristics of laser and external cavity. Design considerations toward the achievement of high pulse energy, narrow spectral bandwidth, and linear chirp are given 相似文献
28.
The possibility of thermal proof testing with thermal stress induced by quenching was examined. For this purpose, the bending strength and the critical temperature difference for quenching into water and quench oil for soda-lime-silica glass were measured before and after proof testing by quenching the specimens into water, ethyl alcohol, silicon oil and quench oil. Proof testing by water, ethyl alcohol and silicon oil quenching modified the distribution of the critical temperature difference as expected, but not that of the bending strength at all. It is suggested that proof testing by rapid quenching is a useful method for truncating the critical temperature difference distribution of ceramic components of heat engines and so on. 相似文献
29.
In this study, a three-point bendJ lc fracture-toughness test was carried out using four types of structural steels at room temperature. The values of (γ p)V, which represent the width of the region where the voids are located just ahead of the crack tip, were measured by Beacham's method [9] with the help of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental (γ p) values and the theoretical values obtained using the finite element method (FEM) or calculated fromK at initiation are in good agreement. It was found that there is a certain linear relationship between (γ p)Vand the stretched zone width (SZW), and an experimental relationship betweenJ lc andσ flow·(γ p)V which may be expressed by the following equation: $$J_{lc} = 44.1 + 0.35\sigma _{{\text{flow}}} \cdot (\gamma _{\text{p}} )V_c KJ$$ whereσ flow is the average value of the yield stress and the ultimate tensile strength. (γ p)V c represents the critical value of (γ p)V. The numerical constant 44.1 kJ m?2 is considered to be aJ lc value for brittle fracture of the material tested, according to the authors' previous results. It is possible to calculateJ lc if (γ p)V c can be measured. 相似文献
30.
Lead recovery from lead zirconate (PbZrO(3)) ceramics was investigated using a wet ball-mill treatment in H(2)SO(4) aqueous solution. Subsequently crystalline alpha-zirconium phosphate (alpha-Zr(HPO(4))(2).H(2)O) was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique in order for the resource recovery of zirconium in the wastewater after the wet ball-mill treatment. A wet ball-mill treatment in 4.5M H(2)SO(4) aqueous solution for 24h was capable of converting more than 99.9% of the Pb initially included in the PbZrO(3) to solid state PbSO(4) with a purity of 98%. On the other hand, the Zr in the PbZrO(3) was dissolved into the acidic solution during the treatment. The Pb and Zr metal elements coexisting in PbZrO(3) were successfully separated by the wet ball-mill technique. Then, resource recovery of zirconium in the wastewater was examined. Crystalline alpha-Zr(HPO(4))(2).H(2)O was synthesized by hydrothermal treatments in 3.1-12.5M H(3)PO(4) aqueous solutions at temperatures of 120-240 degrees C for a duration of 70h. The hydrothermally prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and then they were also evaluated in terms of cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurement and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 相似文献