薄层扫描色谱法测定洗剂中苯甲酸苄酯与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的含量

采用双波长薄层色谱扫描法同时测定复方苯甲酸苄酯洗剂中苯甲酸苄酯与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的含量，点样后能将本品中两个有效成分很好地分离，在ＧＦ２５４板上，经甲苯∶二氯甲烷（２∶１）混合溶剂展开，反射锯齿扫描测定，λｓ２３５ｎｍ，λＲ２６０ｎｍ，以外标两点法定量。苯甲酸苄酯与苯二甲酸二丁酯测定的线性范围分别为６．０～３０．０μｇ和１０．０～５０．０μｇ。方法可行，结果满意。     

Identification of distinct carboxyl-terminal domains mediating internalization and down-regulation of the hamster alpha(1B)- adrenergic receptor

The roles of the carboxyl-terminal tail of the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor in its expression, function, and regulation were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The receptor construct truncated after residue 363 seemed not to be properly expressed. In contrast, the receptor truncated after residue 366 and all of the longer receptor constructs were properly expressed and exhibited agonist and antagonist binding and activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis similar to the wild-type receptor. Agonist-induced sequestration of receptors within the plasma membrane, endocytosis into intracellular vesicles, and eventual down-regulation were all absent in the receptor truncated after residue 366. A series of sequential truncations and a deletion mutation identified a critical role for residues 403 to 425, which include the previously identified sites for G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation, in agonist-induced internalization of the receptor. Similar studies identified a critical role for residues 367 to 380 in agonist-induced down-regulation. Individual point mutations converting either cysteine 367 or serine 369 to alanine selectively eliminated down-regulation, thus identifying two specific amino acid residues required for down-regulation. Importantly, several of the mutated receptors that failed to show rapid agonist-induced internalization nonetheless exhibited normal agonist-induced down-regulation. In addition to identifying specific regions and individual residues of the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor involved in internalization and down-regulation, these studies provide mutated receptors that internalize but do not down-regulate, that down-regulate without internalization, and that are defective in both internalization and down-regulation, all of which should be useful tools for further studies of the specific cellular compartments and molecular mechanisms involved in receptor internalization and down-regulation.     

骨载异烟肼缓释微球的制备及其在动物模型中的释放研究

目的：观察探讨骨载异烟肼聚乳酸微球的设计和制备方法及其在动物模型中的释放效果。方法：选择24只雄性新西兰大白兔作为实验动物模型,采用复乳法制备缓释微球,对微球进行形态学观察、粒径分布观察、体内释药和体外释药观察。结果：平均微球粒径（10.59±0.3）μm,平均包封率（44.9±0.9）%,平均载药率（13.0±0.6）%。在24h、72h、1w、3w微球组滑膜药物浓度明显高于口服组和原药组,P＜0.05。与口服组和原药组对比,微球组0～24h药物波动差值明显更低,P＜0.05。结论：本研究制备的骨载异烟肼缓释微球具有良好的缓释性,能够在抗结核治疗中置入骨结核病灶对术后病灶发挥持久的疗效。     

乳腺癌微血管密度和血管内皮生长因子表达的临床意义

目的观察乳腺癌组织中微血管密度(Microvesseldensity,MVD)和血管内皮生长因子(Vascalarendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF),分析其与临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测47例手术切除的乳腺癌组织中MVD和VEGF,并与临床病理特征及预后进行统计分析。结果①乳腺癌组织中200倍视野内MVD计数范围为21￣89,平均为43.13±15.40,中位数为42;VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为59.6%(28/47例);②MVD计数和VEGF表达阳性率与淋巴结转移均密切相关(P<0.05);复发转移者较无病生存者MVD和VEGF表达明显增加(P<0.05),而与月经状况、组织分级和激素受体状况无关(P>0.05);③VEGF阳性表达乳腺癌的MVD高于VEGF阴性表达的MVD,两者间有显著性差异(P<0.001);④Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明:高MVD(>42)和低MVD(≤42)、VEGF表达阴性和阳性两组总生存期(overallsurvival,OS)和无病生存期(diseasefreesurvival,DFS)比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论MVD和VEGF与淋巴结的转移数目、复发转移状态、无病生存期和总生存期相关,有可能成为乳腺癌另一预后预测因素。     

天然产物分离中高速逆流色谱溶剂体系的研究进展

根据溶剂体系的极性与分离的天然产物的关系,本文对高速逆流色谱中使用的溶剂系统进行了归纳总结,不仅对快速选择溶剂体系分离天然产物起到了一定的指导作用,而且为今后高速逆流色谱溶剂体系的研究提供了方便。     

羟氯喹致眼毒性的文献分析

摘 要 目的：探讨羟氯喹致眼毒性的发生规律和特点，以期为临床安全用药提供参考。方法：检索截止2018年7月国内外文献数据库关于羟氯喹致眼毒性的临床研究文献，通过文献筛选后，对纳入的文献进行数据的提取和分析，包括患者性别、年龄、人种、原患疾病、累积剂量、给药剂量、治疗后不良反应出现时间、眼毒性类型、转归、严重程度、合并用药及眼科病史等。 结果：共检索到17篇文献20例患者，其中女19例，男1例；60岁以下患者占70%；白种人居多；原发疾病为系统性红斑狼疮10例，类风湿关节炎5例和其他疾病5例。眼毒性类型以黄斑变性、视力下降和视网膜病变居多。12例患者在治疗5年后出现药品不良反应（ADR）；累积剂量低于1 000 g与超过1 000 g出现眼毒性的患者数各占一半；羟氯喹日剂量超过6.5 mg·kg·d-1的患者比例较高。20例患者中有3例症状持续无法缓解。严重不良反应患者3例（15%），其余为一般不良反应。结论：羟氯喹致眼毒性较为罕见，但可能出现严重的不可逆损害。白种人、女性、60岁以下、患有系统性红斑狼疮或类风湿关节炎、治疗时间超过5年、每日给药剂量超过6.5 mg·kg-1·d-1的患者可能较易出现眼毒性，临床需格外关注，使用前和用药期间应定期行眼科检查。     

Topology Optimization and Multiobjective Optimization for Drive Axle Housing of a Rear Axle Drive Truck

As one of the important load-bearing components of a truck, the drive axle housing must meet the requirements of stiffness and strength. The traditional design method uses redundancy design to meet the performance requirements. The joint design between the three-dimensional mathematical model and finite element model is adopted, and the optimal design of the drive axle housing is realized based on topology optimization and multiobjective optimization. Firstly, the static analysis of the drive axle housing of a rear axle drive truck was carried out with four typical working conditions. It was concluded that the four working conditions all operate under the yield limit of the material, and it was found that the maximum equivalent stress of the four working conditions occurs at the step of the half-shaft casing. Among the four working conditions, the most critical one is the maximum vertical force working condition. Then, based on the maximum vertical force working condition, the fatigue life analysis is conducted, and the minimum fatigue life appears at the transition position of the half-shaft sleeve and the arc transition position of the main reducer chamber. The remaining parts can meet the design requirements. The overall safety factor of the drive axle housing is mainly between 1 and 5 when operating under this working condition. Then, through modal analysis, the first to sixth natural frequency and vibration modes of the drive axle housing are extracted. Based on the modal analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the drive axle housing are further studied by harmonic response analysis and random vibration analysis. Finally, two kinds of lightweight optimization schemes for the drive axle housing are given. Topology optimization reduces the mass of the drive axle housing by 17.4%, but the overall performance slightly decreases. Then, the five dimensional parameters of the drive axle housing are selected as design variables. The mass, maximum deformation, equivalent stress, service life, and the first-, second- and third-order natural frequencies are defined as objective functions. Through the optimal space-filling design method, the experimental designs are performed and the sample points are obtained. Based on the results of experiment design, the multiobjective genetic algorithm and response surface method are combined to optimize the objective functions. The analysis results show that the mass is reduced by 4.35%, the equivalent stress is reduced by 21.05%, the minimum life is increased by 72.28%, and the first-, second-, and third-order natural frequency are also increased to varying degrees. Two different optimization strategies are provided for the design of the drive axle housing.     

0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液治疗干眼症的实验研究

目的观察0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液对干眼症的治疗效果。方法将新西兰兔24只随机分为4组,空白组、阴性对照组、0.05%环孢素A滴眼液组、0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液组,每组6只。利用东莨菪碱诱导干眼模型,造模成功后开始实验干预:阴性对照组不予处理;0.05%环孢素A滴眼液组及0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液组分别给与相应滴眼液,3次/天,共持续28天。在干预第1、2、3、4周分别进行Schirmer I(SIT)试验、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)检测。并于干预结束后光镜下观察结膜组织的病理学改变。结果与空白组相比,造模后各干预组泪液分泌量明显减少、泪膜破裂时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,干预后同时段0.05%环孢素A滴眼液组及0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液组泪液分泌量增加、泪膜破裂时间延长,干预第1周改善效果最为明显,且0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液组效果更为显著(P<0.05)。造模后结膜上皮结构紊乱,杯状细胞反应性增多、胞浆丰富,固有层炎性细胞浸润增多。0.05%环孢素A滴眼液组及0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液组干预4周后,结膜上皮形态排列结构趋于规则,杯状细胞数量减少、胞浆丰富,固有层炎性细胞浸润减少,且0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液干预效果更为显著。结论0.05%环孢素A纳米粒滴眼液能够有效改善干眼症状,且效果优于传统的0.05%环孢素A滴眼液。     

Analysis of The Working Performance of Large Curvature Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges

Based on numerical shape functions and the structural stressing state theory, the mechanical properties of the curved prestressed concrete box girder (CPCBG) bridge model under different loading cases are presented. First, the generalized strain energy density (GSED) obtained from the measured strain data is used to represent the stressing state pattern of the structure; then, the stressing state of the concrete section is analyzed by plotting the strain and stress fields of the bridge model. The stressing state pattern and strain fields of the CPCBG are shown to reveal its mechanical properties. In addition, the measured concrete strain data are interpolated by the non-sample point interpolation (NPI) method. The strain and stress fields of the bridge model have been plotted to analyze the stressing state of the concrete cross-section. The internal forces in the concrete sections are calculated by using interpolated strains. Finally, the torsional effects are simulated by measuring the displacements to show the torsional behavior of the cross-section. The analysis and comparison of the internal force and strain fields reveal the common and different mechanical properties of the bridge model. The results of the analysis of the curved bridge model provide a reference for the future rational design of bridge projects.     

紫正地黄汤治疗急性扁桃体炎临床分析

目的:观察紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性扁桃体炎(急乳蛾)风热证和胃火证的临床疗效。方法:用紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性扁桃体炎(急乳蛾)患者35例,其中风热组19例,胃火组16例,观察风热证和胃火证临床疗效,及症状和体征的起效时间、消失时间。结果:急性扁桃体炎风热组临床总有效率94.7%;胃火组临床总有效率81.3%。两组相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。咽痛的起效时间和消失时间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)体征的消失时间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)结论:紫正地黄汤加减治疗急性扁桃体炎风热证、胃火证均有较好的疗效。