《癌变·畸变·突变》杂志1992──1995年16期文献计量分析

运用文献计量分分析法对本刊１９９２－１９９５年１６期所刊文章作了分析。结果：致突变的文章较多；每篇文章作者平均３．９４人，大多集中在高等院校及科研机构，地区分布较广，高产作家尚少；平均引文８．２２篇，引文以中、英文期刊为主；文献半衰期为中文４．１６年，英文６．９３年；有８种核心期刊；自引率较高。与创刊后的前１２期（１９８９－１９９２）相比：一次性文献比重明显增加，致畸文章比重增加，高产作家相对增多，英文引文增加，英文半衰期缩短近二年半，提示刊物水平有提高趋势。     

Histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. II. Modification of early changes by platelet inhibition with aspirin and dipyridamole

The objective of this study was to determine the early influence of platelet inhibition on the histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. Cephalic vein grafts were interposed bilaterally in the femoral arteries of 15 stump-tailed macaque monkeys fed a diet that sustains plasma cholesterol levels of approximately 225 mg/dl. All animals received in combination aspirin, 80 mg/day, and dipyridamole, 50 mg/day. Grafts were excised from five animals for analysis on each of postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. In animals subjected to platelet inhibition, cholesterol content in the graft was 170 +/- 52 micrograms/100 mg at 90 days, 205% of the level in ungrafted vein (p less than 0.01). This change was small in comparison with the increase to 686% of ungrafted vein observed in our study of control animals. In stepwise regression analysis, cholesterol content of grafts was best predicted by prevalence of foam cells (r2 = 0.82), and the proportion of intima as a fraction of total wall area was best predicted by the presence of macrophages (r2 = 0.69). Platelet inhibition did not decrease the extent of intimal hyperplasia. The prevalence of adherent platelets (r = -0.72) and the amount of fibrin (r = -0.78) correlated inversely with the amount of endothelium present during the first 14 days. The strength of these correlations declined with time, despite persistent lack of endothelium in some areas. Medial fibrosis occurred to the same extent as in control grafts, as did the early appearance of platelet factor VIII and fibronectin and the lack of vasa vasorum at 3 days followed by reappearance at 7 days. These data demonstrate that platelet inhibition dramatically reduces lipid uptake by grafts in the first 90 days but has less influence over histologic or morphometric changes.     

眼袋整形术并发症的防治

眼袋整形术的并发症主要包括下睑外翻、下睑睫毛外翻、睑球分离、泪小点外翻、眼鼻沟畸形及眶下睑沟凹陷畸形等。皮肤眼轮匝肌及眶隔脂肪切除过多是造成上述并发症的主要原因，另外，手术中失误或操作粗糙也可造成诸如复视、泪小管撕裂甚至球后血肿等严重并发症。防止下睑外翻的发生，主要在于如何测定松弛皮肤的方法，这要把眼球活动、面部肌肉活动以及重力对面部的影响等诸因素进行综合考虑，正确估算出皮肤的切除量，才能有效防止睑外翻的发生。对于轻度外翻可采用热敷、按摩等保守治疗，对于重度睑外翻据不同情况分别采用，眼轮匝肌提紧术，睑板部分切除、结膜囊缩小术及下睑皮肤移植术加以矫正。对于眶下区凹陷及眼鼻沟畸形，术中就应注意避免，特别是要控制好眶脂的切除量，一旦发生可采用脂肪或筋膜脂肪充填，也可行眼轮匝肌提紧加以矫正。总之，在眼袋整形术中避免去除过多的组织，无论是皮肤，还是眶隔脂肪，都可有效防止并发症的发生。     

Development and testing of a decision tree for blunt trauma

The aim of the present study was to examine the essential problems in a retrospective study of 381 organ injuries in 260 patients, to identify problems, to define criteria, to describe decision rules, and to organize these rules into branch-chain decision trees or clinical algorithms. The basic hypothesis of this study is that criteria organized into a prioritized decision tree can provide objective standards to evaluate the quality of trauma care and to compare alternative approaches. The algorithm was designed to provide prompt therapy for the most life-threatening problems: respiratory and cardiac arrest, shock, head injury, tamponade, lacerations of the great vessels, cardiac contusion, ruptured parenchymal organs, lacerated viscera, and injury to other intraperitoneal organs. Resuscitation from shock, correction of circulatory problems, and monitoring of physiologic variables were prioritized to evaluate the presence of circulatory deficits and the adequacy of specific therapy to correct them. Concomitantly, diagnosis of the underlying problems was approached using peritoneal lavage, abdominal and chest x-rays, iv urograms, cystograms, endoscopy, upper and lower GI barium or hypaque studies, ultrasound, scintograms, and CT scans. In emergency conditions these are limited to a large extent by time factors. The diagnostic accuracy, priorities, and limitations of each of these were evaluated in emergency conditions. The algorithm was used to track management decisions in a prospective series; the mortality of 51 patients with satisfactory compliance was 4% and 44% in nine patients with major deviations from the algorithm.     

增强子结合蛋白家族的新基因HP8的部分cDNA克隆

探讨人的增强子结合蛋白（Ｃ／ＥＢＰ）相关基因。方法以大鼠Ｃ／ＥＢＰｃＤＮＡ为探针，筛选人胎盘ｃＤＮＡ文库。结果得到一个含有１９７５碱基命名为ＨＰ８的ｃＤＮＡ克隆，其中１～６０４位碱基属编码区。经基因数据库查对未发现同源基因。该基因编码的蛋白Ｃ－末端含有亮氨酸拉链结构（ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ ｚｉｐｐｅｒ ｓｔｒｕｃｅｕｒｅ）和Ｃ／ＥＢＰ功能区（Ｃ－末端６０个氨基酸）同源性高达９７％，而上游编码区则与Ｃ／ＥＢＰ及其已知家族同源性很低，表明该基因属Ｃ／ＥＢＰ基因家族新成员。基因组Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实该基因为单拷贝基因。在１４种胎儿组织中显示小肠、皮肤高表达，肾上腺中度表达，肝、肺、肾、甲状腺、胆囊低表达。在３例正常成人肝组织中仅１例低表达，而在５对肝癌及癌旁肝组织中显示２例癌组织及１例癌旁组织高表达。结论以上结果提示该基因可能与细胞增殖有关。     

Frictional transition of pesticides from protective clothing

Frictional transition of pesticides, the transition of the dried pesticide due to rubbing, from protective clothing was investigated by using an AATCC standard crockmeter. One insecticide (carbaryl) and two herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor) were studied, together with three protective clothing materials [cotton, polyester, and polyester/cotton (65/35) blend] and three crock fabrics (cotton, nylon, and silk). The effects of the properties of pesticide, fabrics, water, and perspiration on the frictional transition are discussed. The experiment showed that up to 12% of the pesticide could transfer from contaminated protective clothing to the skin through rubbing. Choosing the right materials for protective clothing and underwear would greatly decrease the frictional transition of the pesticide.     

不同鼠龄小鼠骨折愈合过程中钙沉积变化

本实验采用~(45)Ca液闪技术,测定骨折后不同天数的幼年小鼠和成年小鼠在注射~(45)Ca-氯化钙后24 h,各骨段~(45)Ca沉积量,发现:1.幼年小鼠各骨段中钙的沉积量均高于成年小鼠;2.右股骨中段骨折后,骨折股骨中段的钙沉积量急剧升高;健侧股骨上、中、下三段,骨折股骨上段及左右胫骨上段的钙沉积量则逐渐下降而骨折股骨下段的骨转换增加。说明骨折部位以外的各骨段均最大限度地调动了一切可以调动的钙,以满足骨折修复的需要。     

Activity of (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC) against guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection in cultured cells and in guinea pigs

(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, HPMPC, and two HPMPC-related nucleoside analogs, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, HPMPA, and (2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine, PMEG, were evaluated for their antiviral activities against guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection in guinea pig embryo (GPE) cells and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in human diploid fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. DHPG, 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine, was used for comparison. The antiviral activity of HPMPC against GPCMV infection in vivo and its toxicity to Hartley guinea pigs were also evaluated. The 50% antiviral effective doses (ED50) of HPMPC, HPMPA, PMEG and DHPG against GPCMV infection in GPE cells were 0.22, 1.4, 0.07 and 62 microM, respectively; and against HCMV infection in MRC-5 cells, the ED50s were 0.51, 0.72, 0.01 and 17.5 microM, respectively. Their cytotoxic doses (CyD50) in GPE replicating cells were 84, 35, 1.4 and 700 microM, respectively and in MRC-5 cells were approximately 114, 31, 0.86 and 750 microM, respectively. Based on their calculated therapeutic indexes, HPMPC was the most potent and selective of the four compounds tested. In vivo, during acute infection, the spleen indexes of all infected animals that were treated with 1.25 to 5.0 mg/kg/day of HPMPC for 5 days were significantly reduced as compared with sham-treated animals. Virus infectivity titers in blood and various tissues of infected animals treated with HPMPC, 2.5 or 1.25 mg/kg/day were not significantly lower than those of the infected, sham-treated animals; with 5 mg/kg/day, infectivity titers in the blood, spleen, and salivary gland were significantly lower in HPMPC-treated than in sham-treated animals. However, HPMPC was toxic to guinea pigs especially at doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day. These data showed that HPMPC was highly active and selective in cultured guinea pig cells and human fibroblast cells against CMV infection but did not effectively inhibit GPCMV infection in guinea pigs at minimum toxic concentrations.     

月桂氮(艹卓)酮的抑菌作用观察

月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮（氮酮）作为一种高效透皮吸收促进剂，已广泛应用于医药化妆品等领域，本实验中发现，氮酮在２０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度下，对Ｇ＾＋细菌及芽孢具有显著的抑制作用。     

Visualization of patent foramen ovale by biplanar transesophageal echocardiography

Summary It is difficult for conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), by which precise and accurate images of interatrial septum (IAS) can not be acquired, to diagnose patent foramen ovale (PFO) clearly. To evaluate the diagnostic value of biplanar transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for PFO, TTE and biplanar TEE were performed simultaneously in 270 patients. It was found that in 7 patients patent foramen ovale was detected only through longitudinal planes of biplanar TEE. IAS, which consists of primitive septum and membrane of fossa ovalis, can be directly visualized by two-dimensional images of TEE; in patients with PFO, a dull color flow, which shunts from the right atria to the left atria through the gap between primitive septum and fossa ovalis, can be detected by color Doppler flow images. Furthermore, some right-to-left shunting microbubbles through the valve of patent fossa ovalis can be discovered by cardiac acoustic contrast echocardiography. In conclusion, biplanar TEE combined with color Doppler image and cardiac acoustic contrast facilitates a definite diagnosis of patent foramen ovale as the excellent anatomic images of IAS can be obtained from multiple views under this kind of performance.