Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) are thought to be required for optimal nervous system development in the newborn. A commercial milk formula containing LCP (Aptamil-LCP) with a fatty acid profile closely resembling breast milk, has recently been introduced for term infants. The absorption of fatty acids in term infants was examined in a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Aptamil-LCP ( n = 20) and standard Aptamil ( n = 20). Formula-fed newborn infants were studied from birth for 14 d. Fat balances (3 d) were performed from d 10. A 3-d stool collection was performed from d 10 in a parallel breastfed group ( n = 21). Plasma samples were taken on d 6. Median fat excretion (mg kg⁻¹) was 897.1, 615.0 and 355.2 with Aptamil, Aptamil-LCP and breastfeeding, respectively. The median total fat absorption coefficient in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants was higher than in those fed standard Aptamil ( p < 0:01). These findings were accounted for by differences in the excretion and absorption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0). Higher fat excretion was associated with bulkier and firmer stools. Only trace amounts of LCP were detected in the stools of all groups. This accounted for less than 4% of dietary intake in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants. No differences in the utilization of LCP from Aptamil-LCP and breast milk feeding were apparent. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition data reflected differences in dietary LCP intake. Thus, PL LCP levels were highest in the breastfed infants and lowest in the Aptamil-fed infants, with values for the Aptamil-LCP-fed group falling in between.     

肺癌肺叶袖状切除术的安全性和有效性

目的:评价肺癌肺叶袖状切除术后患者的手术安全性和远期生存状况.方法:回顾分析了1999年10月至2003年12月行肺癌根治术的94名病例,其中肺叶袖状切除术11例(Ⅰ组),全肺切除术17例(Ⅱ组),肺叶切除术66例(Ⅲ组).通过比较三组术后气管插管时间、ICU停留时间、吻合口并发症率及围手术期死亡率,评价肺叶袖状切除术的手术安全性,比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间的生存期和转移复发率探讨其远期有效性.组间率比较用x2检验或Fisher精确检验,均数比较用t检验,生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,生存曲线比较用Log rank检验.显著性差异标准α=0.05.结果:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的手术死亡率为0,11.8%,3.0%,组间无显著性差异;平均气管插管时间为0.5±2.3天,2.0±7.2天,0.6±4.1天(Ⅰ、ⅢVSⅡ组,P＜0.05);吻合口并发症率为3.0%,0,5.8%,组间无显著性差异.Ⅰ组1年、3年生存率为45.5%、32.5%,Ⅱ组为58.8%、45.8%.两组生存率、远期局部复发率和转移率无显著性差异.结论:肺癌肺叶袖状切除术具有和肺叶切除术相近的手术安全性,优于全肺切除术,而其复发转移率、远期疗效与后者相近,是安全有效的手术方式.     

Bioavailability of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched luncheon meats

(Nutr Diet 2005;62:130–137) Objective: To determine the acute and chronic effects of low doses of long chain (LC) n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma LC n‐3 PUFA levels. Design: In the acute study, six healthy omnivores, avoiding fish meals on the day prior to the study, provided a fasting blood sample initially and post prandially at four hours. In the chronic study, 12 healthy subjects provided a fasting blood sample at baseline and three weeks after daily consumption of the test food. Main outcome measures: Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid and phospholipid LC n‐3 PUFA composition. Statistical analysis: Differences in plasma non‐esterified fatty acids and phospholipid LC n‐3 PUFA. A pre‐ and post‐consumption of the test food were assessed using paired t‐tests (spss ). Results: The acute study demonstrated that a low dose of LC n‐3 PUFA (25% eicosapentaenoic acid and 75% docosahexaenoic acid) significantly increased eicosapentaenoic acid levels in plasma of human subjects postprandially from 0.30% to 0.42% of total non‐esterified fatty acids, a per cent change of 39% (P < 0.05). The chronic study demonstrated a significant increase in total n‐3 phospholipids from zero weeks (5.48% of total fatty acids) to three weeks (7.92% of total fatty acids), representing a per cent increase of 44% (P = 0.006). The n‐6 to n‐3 ratio of LC PUFA phospholipids demonstrated a significant reduction from 5.1 at zero weeks to 4.07 at three weeks, representing a reduction of 20% (P = 0.006). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the bioavailability of LC n‐3 PUFA consumed as a low‐fat omega‐3‐enriched luncheon meat.     

Expression of a synapse-associated membrane protein, P84/SHPS-1, and its ligand, IAP/CD47, in mouse retina

P84 and integrin associated protein (IAP) are heterophilic binding partners that are expressed in the central nervous system in addition to a variety of other tissues. Both molecules are known to be involved in cell signaling in nonneural tissues. In the retina, both molecules are expressed prominently in plexiform layers, suggesting a possible association with synapses. Here, we examined the cellular expression and ultrastructural localization of the two molecules in the developing mouse retina. Both appeared to be expressed at one or both sides of synaptic sites, although the expression of IAP in the retina precedes that of P84. Examination of transgenic IAP-null retinae revealed a failure of P84 to become associated with synaptic sites, suggesting the interaction of P84 with IAP was necessary for P84's synaptic localization. These findings suggest that the signaling activities of P84 and IAP are localized to sites of synaptic contact in the retina. Thus this pair of synapse-associated molecules represents a bidirectional signaling system that could function to modify synaptic activity or possibly trophic interactions between central neurons.     

重症急性胰腺炎围手术期处理

目的提高重症急性胰腺炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析近10年来14例经手术治疗的SAP患者临床资料。结果14例患者中,合并休克者10例,胰脑病2例,MOF2例,ARDS2例,病死率为28%(4/14)。结论降低死亡率的关键在于围手术期的正确处理,特别是病程早期。首先,应加强围手术期的个体化监护,进行综合治疗,其次,抑制胰腺的外分泌;第三,早期使用足量的有效抗生素;第四,进行周围静脉的营养支持;第五,加强围手术期并发症的防治。     

代谢综合症基线调查

目的：通过对豫宛市30岁以上人群代谢综合症（MS）发病率的词查、统计和分析，旨在唤起人们对此病的重视和预防。方法：利用年度体检之机采用三级分组法对30岁以上人群进行有关MS指标的检测和统计，依据亚洲及我国体重指数标准及2004年中华医学会糖尿病分会诊断代谢综合症标准。共计调查人数3987人（男1981人，女2006人）。结果：30岁以上MS患病率，青年有10％～13％，中老年后可渐增至20％～30％。结论：MS是中老年多见的代谢异常疾病。已严重威胁着人们的生命健康。     

如何利用Blackboard教学管理系统构建生理学网络课程

B lackboard教学管理系统可为教师创建、发布和管理网络课程提供方便、快捷的工具模块。文章介绍了如何利用B lackboard教学管理系统提供的课程内容模块、测验模块和课程工具模块来构建生理学网络课程的过程。指出生理学网络课程的建设,对突破传统面授教学的局限性和帮助学生网上学习具有重要意义。     

Expression of cytochrome p450 and other biotransformation genes in fetal and adult human nasal mucosa.

Despite recent progress in the identification and characterization of numerous nasal biotransformation enzymes in laboratory animals, the expression of biotransformation genes in human nasal mucosa remains difficult to study. Given the potential role of nasal biotransformation enzymes in the metabolism of airborne chemicals, including fragrance compounds and therapeutic agents, as well as the potential interspecies differences between laboratory animals and humans, it would be highly desirable to identify those biotransformation genes that are expressed in human nasal mucosa. In this study, a global gene expression analysis was performed to compare biotransformation enzymes expressed in human fetal and adult nasal mucosa to those expressed in liver. The identities of a list of biotransformation genes with apparently nasal mucosa-selective expression were subsequently confirmed by RNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Further quantitative RNA-PCR experiments indicated that, in the fetus, aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALDH6), CYP1B1, CYP2F1, CYP4B1, and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 are expressed preferentially in the nasal mucosa and that ALDH7, flavin-containing monooxygenase 1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 are at least as abundant in the nasal mucosa as in the liver. The nasal mucosal expression of CYP2E1 was also detected. These findings provide a basis for further explorations of the metabolic capacity of the human nasal mucosa for xenobiotic compounds.     

百令胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

目的：探讨百令胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法：SD大鼠45只，分为正常对照组、糖尿病对照组及糖尿病治疗组。各糖尿病组以四氧嘧啶腹腔内注射制成糖尿病模型。治疗组大鼠给予给予百令胶囊0．2g／kg／天灌胃，每天1次，共12周。取肾脏行光镜和电镜检查，并进行图像分析，同时行血糖、血脂、肾功能、24h尿蛋白排泄量、肾重／体重、肾组织糖基化产物测定。统计学处理采用方差分析。结果与糖尿病对照组比较，治疗组大鼠血TG、TC、肾重／体重、24h尿蛋白排泄量以及肾脏组织蛋白糖基化产物水平均有不同程度的降低（P〈0．05）。与正常对照组比较，光镜检查显示糖尿病对照组大鼠肾小球截面积明显增大（P〈0．01），系膜区基质增生扩大；肾小球硬化明显，平均肾小球硬化指数明显增加（P〈0．01）；电镜显示大鼠肾小球基底膜显著的不均匀增厚，并伴有广泛的肾小管上皮细胞的髓样变性及胞浆空泡化变性。治疗组上述病变明显减轻（P〈0．01）。结论：百令胶囊显著改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏结构，防止系膜区扩大和基底膜增厚，具有显著地抗肾小球纤维化的作用。