银屑病病人红细胞免疫功能与脂质过氧化损伤的变化

①目的探讨银屑病病人红细胞免疫功能与脂质过氧化损伤变化及二者关系。②方法检测５６例银屑病病人红细胞免疫功能、血浆超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的变化，对静止期（３１例）和进展期（２５例）进行比较，对测定结果进行相关分析。③结果银屑病病人红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率（Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和ＳＯＤ明显降低，红细胞循环免疫花环率（Ｅ－ＩＣＲ）和循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）及ＬＰＯ明显增高，与对照组比较差异有极显著性（ｔ＝３．１６２～４．７１６，Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１），银屑病进展期变化较静止期更明显（ｔ＝２．９８４～３．４２１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。银屑病Ｅ－Ｃ３ｂＲＲ与ＳＯＤ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６２０，Ｐ＜０．００１），与ＬＰＯ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．５４８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。④结论银屑病病人红细胞免疫粘附功能低下与脂质过氧化损伤有关     

皮层脑电图描记下致痫灶切除术治疗难治性癫痫的临床及病理学研究

目的 研究皮层脑电图描记下致痫灶切除治疗难治性癫痫的临床及其病理学改变。方法 采用皮层脑电图描记下对35例难治性癫痫的致痫灶进行切除，同时对术中所切除的致痫灶组织送病理检查。结果 35例癫痫经术后综合疗效评定：1年内癫痫发作消失者12例；显进12例；进步8例；无变化2例；失随访1例。术后病理报告：肿瘤10例；血管畸形5例；囊肿6例；炎性肉牙肿3例；外伤性软化灶3例。余为脑组织神经变性伴胶质细胞增生。结论 致痫灶切除治疗难治性癫痫的效果肯定，致痫灶组织均存在结构性病理改变。     

糖尿病足湿性坏疽膝下一期两阶段截肢术探讨

目的 分析糖尿病足湿性坏疽膝下截肢术术后感染率及治疗方案。方法 回顾性分析19例Wagner4期和34例Wagner5期糖尿病足湿性坏疽病例，Wagner4期中8例行一期两阶段手术（术后一期关闭切口中部皮肤及筋膜层，两侧敞开引流，3－5d后关闭切口）；11例行一期手术（一期关闭切口）；Wagner5期病例中，12例行一期两阶段手术、15例行一期手术、7例行二期手术（一期踝关节开放截肢，二期近端膝下截肢）。结果 Wagner4期患者，一期两阶段和一期手术组发生术后感染率分别为12.5%(1/8例）和27％（3／11例）差异无显著性（P＞0.05)。Wagner5期患者，一期两阶段和一期手术组手术后感染率分别为25％（3／12例)和60％（9／15例）差异有显著性（P＜0.05）；二期手术组术后感染率为14.3%(1／7例），与一期两阶段手术组比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论 晚期糖尿病足湿性坏疽行一期两阶段膝下截肢术是一个可选择的手术方法。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病病人红细胞形态变化及其影响因素的观察

①目的观察非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)病人红细胞形态变化及其影响因素。②方法观察64例NIDDM病人外周血红细胞扫描电镜形态,同时检测了红细胞膜胆固醇(Ch)、磷脂(PL)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量的变化,并与39例健康人进行对照。⑧结果NIDDM病人异常红细胞百分率明显高于对照组(t＝4.826,p<0.001),出现口形、棘形、嵴形、球形等红细胞。NIDDM病人红细胞膜Ch,Ch/PL和LPO含量明显增高,而PL明显降低,与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(t＝3.765~4.829,p均<0.001)。有血管病变者各指标变化较无血管病变者更明显(t=4.126~5.987,p均<0.001)。NIDDM病人红细胞异常率与Ch,Ch/PL和LPO呈正相关(r＝0.461~0.506,p均<0.001),与PL呈负相关(r＝-0.378,P<0.001)。④结论NIDDM病人红细胞膜脂质成分异常是影响红细胞形态的重要因素之一。     

空气间隙放电对高压实验室工作者外周血淋巴细胞SCE和微核率的影响

对10名和14名长期暴露在空气间隙放电条件下的高压实验室工作人员和正常对照者进行外周血淋巴细胞SCE分析和微核测定,结果:前者SCE平均值和标准误为10.46±0.423后者为8.37±0.37(P<0.01);平均微核率和标准误前者为1.5±0.17％。,后者为0.69±0.17％。(P<0.01)。表明长期暴露在空气间隙放电条件下的高压实验室工作者,存在着遗传物质遭受损害的可能性。     

Pharmacological studies of anti-diarrhoeal activity of Gentianopsis paludosa

The pharmacological studies of anti-diarrhoeal activity of Gentianopsis paludosa were carried out. The 75% ethanol extract (100-400 mg/kg) of Gentianopsis paludosa inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea and also reduced gastrointestinal motility in the charcoal meal test in mice. In the rabbit-isolated ileum, the extract showed inhibitory effects not only on its spontaneous contraction, but also on acetylcholine (Ach, 0.1 mM)- and KCl (60 mM)-induced contractions. Furthermore, the ethanol extract (0.4-0.6 mg/ml) shifted the CaCl2 dose-effect curves to the right in a non-competitive manner and significantly reduced the acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated ileum in Ca2+-free solution like verapamil (0.1 mM), which suggest that the extract interferes with Ca2+ movement. These results support the traditional use of Gentianopsis paludosa in the treatment of diarrhoea.     

基于HSV空间的染色骨小梁切片图像的分割与空腔填充

给出一种HSV颜色空间上的彩色图像分割方法,并应用于由CCD摄像机采集的染色骨小梁切片图像的分割。该方法将RGB彩色图像转换到HSV颜色空间,通过设置色调(900.25)阈值对绿染的骨小梁进行分割,并通过设置亮度(V>V背景×0.95)和饱和度(S<0.2)阈值获得非染色高亮区域图像,然后通过填充包含在染色骨小梁图像内的非染色高亮区,获得完整的骨小梁结构。实验结果表明,该方法快速简单,与人眼的辨别结果一致,是一种有效的自动算法。     

生理信号时问序列周期性和平稳性对近似熵和样本熵算法的影响分析

目的提高近似熵和样本熵算法在评价生理信号时间序列非线性复杂度应用中的精度。方法首先生成生理信号时间序列数据库,通过对周期序列和叠加有周期成分的非线性序列的分析,研究序列周期性对熵测度算法的影响,并通过对心率变异性（hear trat evariability,HRV）序列在去除非平稳趋势前后的对比分析,研究序列平稳性对熵测度算法的影响。结果在序列长度范围内,不同重复频率的周期序列熵测度不同,不同比重的周期成分叠加到非线性序列中引起序列熵测度的变化也不同。生理信号时间序列中大都存在非平稳成分,而非平稳成分会降低序列的复杂度,因此进行熵测度计算前首先要去除非平稳成分。结论周期性和非平稳成分显著影响生理信号时间序列的熵测度算法。     

QA for helical tomotherapy: report of the AAPM Task Group 148

Helical tomotherapy is a relatively new modality with integrated treatment planning and delivery hardware for radiation therapy treatments. In view of the uniqueness of the hardware design of the helical tomotherapy unit and its implications in routine quality assurance, the Therapy Physics Committee of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine commissioned Task Group 148 to review this modality and make recommendations for quality assurance related methodologies. The specific objectives of this Task Group are: (a) To discuss quality assurance techniques, frequencies, and tolerances and (b) discuss dosimetric verification techniques applicable to this unit. This report summarizes the findings of the Task Group and aims to provide the practicing clinical medical physicist with the insight into the technology that is necessary to establish an independent and comprehensive quality assurance program for a helical tomotherapy unit. The emphasis of the report is to describe the rationale for the proposed QA program and to provide example tests that can be performed, drawing from the collective experience of the task group members and the published literature. It is expected that as technology continues to evolve, so will the test procedures that may be used in the future to perform comprehensive quality assurance for helical tomotherapy units.