高位硬膜外阻滞用于乳腺癌根治术的临床观察

上胸段硬膜外阻滞行乳腺癌根治术，由于对呼吸的影响，其应用受到一定程度限制。我院1995年6月～1997年6月在连续硬膜外阻滞下行乳腺癌根治术162例，手术顺利，现报道如下。1临床资料和方法162例乳腺癌根治术患者均为女性，年龄33～72岁，体重47～80kg，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。取右侧卧位，于T1～2或T2～3间隙穿刺，试验量用1．3％利多卡因5ml，观察5min有明显麻醉平面后，再给首次剂量8～11ml。术中当患者感觉不适或出现痛觉时，给予静脉辅助药，安定剂量为0．Zms八s，氯胺酮为每次0．05mg／kg。监测血压、心率，面罩吸氧2L／min，随机抽取50名患…     

异丙酚复合瑞捷用于人工流产术的临床研究

目的用4种不同配方的全麻药物行人工流产术,对其临床效果进行比较,为更加安全、有效的麻醉方法提供选择。方法80例ASAⅠ级18-37岁早孕妇女,分为4组,每组20例,Ⅰ组：单纯异丙酚静注;Ⅱ组：异丙酚3mg／kg＋瑞捷50μg混合液静注;Ⅲ组：异丙酚2mg／kg＋瑞捷100μg混合液静注;Ⅳ组：异丙酚1mg／kg＋瑞捷150μg混合液静注。病人入室后开放静脉,监测BP、HR和SpO2,取上述分组中的一组药物静注,待病人睫毛反射消失开始手术,术中出现体动追加药物,手术操作过半停止用药。术中常规吸氧和辅助呼吸,术毕送入麻醉恢复室,清醒后无不适,自行离院。结果所有病人术中无记忆,BP变化不大,呼吸均有不同程度的抑制,HR〈56bpm使用阿托品0.5mg静脉推注有2例,分别为Ⅲ、Ⅳ组各1例,Ⅰ组异丙酚用量最多,体动率最高,Ⅳ组效果最好、体动率最小、清醒最快、离院时间最短,但呼吸暂停率为100％。结论人工流产不宜单纯使用镇静药,而应同时应用镇痛药才能达到无痛人流的目的。4组配方比较Ⅳ组疗效最好,但术中必须常规SpO2监测、面罩吸氧和辅助呼吸。凡全麻下人流均应备用急救药品和设备,以策安全。     

重视麻醉安全防范麻醉风险

麻醉可为病人消除疼痛,为手术操作提供条件,保障手术安全。但麻醉期间病人生理功能的改变、麻醉处置的困难、药物的相互作用、手术的不良刺激等可导致麻醉意外的发生。麻醉相关死亡,目前在发达国家约为1：10000,我国上海地区(1984-1988年)为1．0：10000～1．5：10000,西安(2001年)为1．2：10000,其他地区尚无相关统计。     

避免麻醉中知晓的策略

全麻期间可能发生麻醉中知晓,患者诉说术中的痛苦文献中时有报道[1]。Vickers(1987)将麻醉深度不够分成两个等级:回忆(recall)和觉醒状态(wakefullness)。回忆或保持记忆是患者能回忆麻醉下发生的事情,知晓(awareness)相当于记忆。产科和心脏麻醉中知晓的发生率较高。Phillips等报道,700例心脏手术患者中,麻醉中知晓的发生率为1.1%。另一研究显示,3076例在全麻下行剖宫产手术的患者中有1%能回忆术中情况。英格兰一项近期研究报道,常规外科手术麻醉中知晓的发生率为0.2%。最近前瞻性的研究证明术中知晓的发生率在0.0015%～0.2%[2]。美国每年…     

布托啡诺预先给药对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of butorphanol pretreatment on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S); IR group; butorphanol pretreatment group (group B); Nor-BNI group (group N) and glibenclamide group (group G) . In group IR, B, N and G, myocardial IR was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group S and IR, normal saline S ml/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and then continuously infused at a rate of 5 ml· kg -1· h-1 iv. In group B, butorphanol 25 μg/kg was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group IR. In group N, Nor-BNI 2 mg/kg (a selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist) was injected via femoral vein 20 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. In group G, glibenclamide 1 mg/kg (a KATP channel blocker) was injected via femoral vein 10 min before ischemia and the rest method was the same as that described in group B. Blood samples were taken from femoral artery at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of the concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 by ELISA. Myocardial infarct area and ischemic area were measured by TTC staining and myocardial infarct size was calculated. Results The concentrations of serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the other four groups than in group S (P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α andIL-6 were significantly decreased while IL-10 increased, and the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased in group B, N and G as compared with group IR ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased while the concentration of IL-10 decreased) and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased in group N and G as compared with group B ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Butorphanol pretreatment can protect the myocardium against IR injury in rate via activating κ receptor and KATP channel.     

高渗氯化钠溶液复苏休克实验及临床观察

经静脉、动脉、左心室注射7.5％氯化钠溶液复苏出血性休克犬,结果表明静脉注射能持久地保持平均动脉压(MAP)及心输出量(CO)的稳定上升,静脉注射及左心室注射均可引起一过性血压下降,而动脉注射则无此效应;各组注药后均发生血清[K~ ]下降,低浓度的KCI高渗氯化钠,不足以预防犬血清[K~ ]降低。临床应用高渗氯化钠复苏顽固性出血性休克19例均获成功,复苏感染性休克5例,逆转4例。     

心包腔积液时心电图QRS波电压与左心室每搏功的关系

本文通过动物(狗)实验,对心包腔积液时心电图QRS波低电压的原因进行探讨。结果显示,心包腔积液时,心电图QRS波低电压与积液本身并无直接关系,而与积液导致的左室每搏功下降密切相关。实验结果提示,心包腔积液时QRS波电压可作为反映积液对心脏功能影响的指标。     

异丙酚和苏芬太尼联合用药对插管应激反应的影响

探讨异丙酚和苏芬太尼联合应用对全麻诱导期插管应激反应的影响。２９名患者随机分为３组。第１组（９例）用异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，第２组（１０例）用异丙酚２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；第３组（１０例）异丙酚１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ加苏芬太尼０．８μｇ／ｋｇ。注入异丙酚后４ｍｉｎ行气管插管，连续监测插管前后心率（ＨＲ）、收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）、平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）及氧饱和度（ＳｐＯ２）变化。结果显示，第１组患者插     

不同液体输注对手术病人血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:观察6%羟乙基淀粉、聚明胶肽和乳酸林格氏液输注对手术病人细胞因子的影响。方法:42例急性胆囊炎手术切除病人分为三组,分别于术前静注6%羟乙基淀粉、聚明胶肽(国产)和乳酸林格氏液500 ml,用夹心法ELISA检测病人术前术后血浆中IL-10、sIL-2RI、L-6I、L-8、TNF-α的浓度。结果:6%羟乙基淀粉、聚明胶肽可降低TNF-α的浓度,还可以提高sIL-2R的浓度,6%羟乙基淀粉可降低IL-8的浓度,而林格液使TNF-α浓度升高。结论:术前输注6%羟乙基淀粉、聚明胶肽有预防或减轻手术和麻醉导致的细胞因子失调的作用,而输注林格氏液则不能减轻手术和麻醉导致的细胞因子失调。