西宁市区几所中专学校风疹暴发流行病学调查

西宁市区几所中专学校风疹暴发流行病学调查西宁市卫生防疫站马秀兰，李志红，王风兰，朱晓健１９９２年１０～１２月间，在本市几所中专学校中发生一起出疹性疾病流行，学校误以麻疹报告疫情，经流行病学调查和血清学诊断，证实为风疹暴发流行，结果报告如下：材料与方法...     

髓源性抑制细胞——血液肿瘤的免疫治疗靶点

近年来,髓源性抑制细胞(MDSC)成为实体瘤和血液肿瘤的研究热点.在肿瘤中,MDSC不仅通过抑制T细胞增殖、破坏自然杀伤细胞功能和上调调节性T细胞水平发挥免疫抑制作用,还可直接发挥促进肿瘤血管生成和肿瘤转移的非免疫方面的作用.MDSC阻碍了抗肿瘤治疗,尤其影响了免疫治疗的疗效,与临床预后不良相关,可作为肿瘤预后的判断指标,为免疫治疗提供了新靶点.     

造血干细胞移植术后患者认知功能损害的现状及其机制

 异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后超过50 %的患者存在长时程认知功能损害,严重影响生活质量。新近研究提示,allo-HSCT术后的认知功能障碍与移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）相关,其机制是异基因活化的T细胞迁移至中枢神经系统,诱发小胶质细胞等固有组分活化,导致海马区域神经电位发生改变,从而使患者认知功能发生改变。重视患者移植后中枢神经系统病理改变及其对认知功能的影响,早期给予针对性干预措施,有助于患者达到移植后身体、心理和社会功能三方面的完满状态。     

Amplification of functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells during stem cell mobilization induced by granulocyte colony-stimulation-factor

The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulation-factor （G-CSF） on stem cell mobilization and its impact on the amplification of myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs） of donor mice were ex- amined. A mouse model of stem cell mobilization was established by consecutive subcutaneous injec- tion of 100 μg/kg G-CSF for 5 days. The blood from the donor mice was routinely examined during mobilization. Stem cells and MDSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunosuppressive mole- cules derived from MDSCs in serum and spleen, including hydrogen dioxide （H202） and nitric oxide （NO）, and the activity of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） were determined during the mobilization. Apop- tosis of T lymphocytes was assessed by using Annexin-V/PI. During stem cell mobilization, the number of lymphocytes and white blood cells in the peripheral blood was increased, and peaked on the 4th day. The number of stem cells in G-CSF-treated mice was significantly greater than that in controls （P〈0.01）. The expansions of MSDCs were also observed after G-CSF mobilization, with a more notable rate of growth in the peripheral blood than in the spleen. The activity of NOS and the production of NO were increased in the donor mice, and the serum H202 levels were approximately 4-fold greater than the con- trois. Consequently, apoptosis of T lymphocytes was increased and showed a positive correlation with the elevated percentage of MDSCs. It was concluded that G-CSF could provide sufficient peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation. Exogenous administration of G-CSF caused the accumulation of MDSCs in the peripheral blood and the spleen, which could lead to apoptosis ofT lymphocytes and may offer a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease.     

Detection of cytokine expression patterns in the peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia by antibody microarray analysis

The cytokines of acute leukemia （AL） patients have certain expression patterns, forming a complex network involved in diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. We collected the serum of different AL patients before and after complete remission （CR） for detection of cytokines by using an antibody chip. The expression patterns of cytokines were determined by using bioinformatics computational analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the cytokine expression patterns between AL patients and normal controls, as well as between acute myeloid leukemia （AML） and acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL）. In confirmatory test, ELISA revealed the expression of uPAR in AL. Moreover, the bioinformatic analysis showed that the differentially expressed cytokines among the AL groups were involved in different biological behaviors and were closely related with the development of the disease. It was concluded that the cytokine expression pattern of AL patients is significantly different from that of healthy volunteers. Also, differences of cytokine expression patterns exist between AML and ALL, and between before and after CR in the same subtype of AL, which holds important clinical significance for revealing disease progression.     

电针特定穴治疗尿频尿急综合征疗效观察

目的观察电针特定穴治疗不同程度尿频尿急综合征的临床疗效。方法将60例尿频尿急综合征患者根据症状评分分为A组(症状评分≤24分)和B组(症状评分>24分),每组30例。两组患者均采用电针特定穴(骶四穴及腹四穴)治疗。观察两组治疗前后症状评分及临床疗效。结果两组治疗后症状评分与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组总有效率为83.3%,B组为80.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论电针特定穴是一种治疗尿频尿急综合征的有效方法 。     

外源性 VEGF 促小鼠造血干细胞动员简

本研究旨在探讨外源性注射血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）对正常小鼠造血干细胞的动员作用及其对免疫功能的影响.将正常C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、VEGF短期组（5 d）和VEGF长期组（27 d）;实验组腹腔注射VEGF 100 ng/d,正常对照组腹腔注射PBS;应用全自动血细胞分析仪检测不同时间小鼠外周血白细胞数量和淋巴细胞的比例,流式细胞术检测各组外周血和脾脏的造血干细胞、淋巴细胞亚群、调节T细胞（Treg）和髓源抑制性细胞（MDSC）的数量,显微镜观察对照组和长期组脾脏形态学改变,测定脾指数.结果表明：注射VEGF后,小鼠外周血WBC数明显升高,第3天达峰值;短期组外周血和脾脏中干细胞比例显著高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）;长期组脾脏增大,脾指数升高（P＜0.05）,可见明显髓外造血;给药后,小鼠外周血淋巴细胞总数没有明显改变,但长期组CD3＋细胞比例和CD3＋/B220＋细胞比值下降;实验组外周血和脾脏CD4＋ CD25＋ Treg和Gr-1＋ CD11b＋ MDSC水平均增高（P＜0.05）,在长期组升高更明显（P＜0.05）.结论：外源性VEGF可提高造血干细胞的动员,同时上调多种抑制性免疫细胞,导致机体免疫功能发生改变.     

EDTA依赖性假性血小板减少症一例

患者,男,51岁,半月以来间断发热,伴头痛,呈进行性加重。患者既往有慢性乙肝病史十余年。体格检查无阳性体征。入院当日急查血常规示：WBC13．4×10^9／L,Hb148g／L,PIJT10×10^9／L,N0．69,L0．21,M0．1,PDW16．3％,MPV7．8fl,血小板压积0．01。PT正常,APTT52．1秒。当日复查血常规,PLT为1×10^9／L,且镜下可见血小板聚集。     

双下肢水肿一个月余,加重半个月

病史摘要 患者,男性,61岁。因“双下肢水肿1个月余,加重半个月”于本院就诊。患者1个月前出现双下肢水肿,踝部明显,两侧对称。快步行走感胸闷、气促,休息后可缓解。半月前家庭装修久站后双下肢水肿加剧,伴右踝部疼痛,为持续性胀痛,关节活动不受限,自行服“布洛芬缓释胶囊”后疼痛无明显缓解。近半月全身乏力、烦躁易怒、常感头痛,时有干咳。无发热、盗汗、胸痛、咯血、呕吐、少尿、意识障碍、肢体活动障碍等。既往“慢性支气管炎”病史15年。