Identification and changes in the higher fatty acids of dried red pepper and red pepper powder

Summary The higher fatty acids of dried red pepper of the variety of Gorogled were identified by gas chromatography with using help of authentic compounds. Their amounts were determined using on absolute calibration method.The following acids were established: lauric, myrastic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic,arachidic and behenic acids. The results obtained from the quantitative measurements showed that linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acids amounted to 80% of the total acids.The quantitative changes of identified acids in red pepper, of dried at 60°, 70°, 80° and 90 °C red pepper and stored as dried red pepper and red pepper powder over a 6-months period investigated.The results show that under the drying temperatures applied the amount of all fatty acids decreased with an increase in the temperature. During a storage a period of 3 months the amount of the respective acids decreased while the process was the most expressed in red pepper dried at a temperature of t = 70 °C.After a 6-months storage period under the drying condition applied the dried red pepper contained a greater amount of fatty acids compared with stored for 3 months.

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Identifikation und Veränderungen der höheren Fettsäuren von gemahlenem Paprika und von getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprikaschoten

Zusammenfassung Es wurden gaschromatographisch mit Hilfe von Vergleichsubstanzen die höheren Fettsäuren, die im gemahlenen Paprika (Sorte Gorogled) enthalten sind, identifiziert. Die Mengen wurden nach der Methode der absoluten Kalibrierung bestimmt. Es wurden folgende Säuren festgestellt: Laurinsäure, Myristin-, Palmitin-, Palmitoolein-, Stearin-, Olein-, Linol-, Linolen-, Arachin- und Behensäure. Die quantitativen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Menge der Linolen-, Linol- und Palmitinsäure 80% der Gesamtsäurenmenge darstellt. Es wurden die quantitativen Veränderungen der Fettsäuren von Paprika (Sorte Gorogled) bei Temperaturen von 60 °, 70 °, 80 ° und 90 °C, getrocknet und als getrockneter ungemahlener bzw.gemahlener Paprika, gelagert und innerhalb von 6 Monaten in Abständen von 3 Monaten verfolgt. Bei den angewendeten Trocknungstemperaturen nimmt die Menge der einzelnen Fettsäuren in dem getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprika mit Erhöhung der Trocknungstemperatur ab. Die Lagerung des getrockneten ungemahlenen Paprikas innerhalb von 3 Monaten führt zur Abnahme der einzelnen Fettsäuren, wobei dieser Prozeß am stärksten bei einer Trocknungstemperatur von 70 °C verläuft. Nach einer 6monatigen Lagerung des getrockneten und ungemahlenen Paprikas, nach Trocknung und bei den o. g. vier Temperaturen, ist die Menge der Fettsäuren höher im Vergleich zu jener der Fettsäuren in getrocknetem ungemahlenem Paprika nach 3 Monaten. Nach 3 Monaten enthält der gemahlene Paprika weniger Fettsäuren als der getrocknete und ungemahlene Paprika.

     

Protective coatings as a means of improving heat resistance of the refractory lining for extra-furnace steelmaking facilities

Protective coatings based on metallic aluminum are developed that can be used to improve the resistance of the refractory lining for extra-furnace steelmaking facilities. By sintering a slurry sprayed on the refractory surface, a heat-resistant gas-impermeable coating containing -corundum is formed.__________Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 10, pp. 61 – 63, October, 2004.     

Hygrothermal aging of rubber‐modified and mineral‐filled dicyandiamide‐cured DGEBA epoxy resin. III. Dielectric spectroscopy investigation

The effects of moisture absorption on the dielectric properties of a rubber‐modified, mineral‐filled, epoxy resin based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with dicyandiamide are reported. Samples of the resin were aged by immersing in deionized water, or 5% w/w NaCl solution, at elevated temperatures. Dielectric measurements were carried out over the frequency range 10^?1 to 6 × 10⁵ Hz. A featureless dielectric spectrum was observed with both real and imaginary dielectric permittivity increasing with the amount of absorbed water. The change in the dielectric properties with absorption of water was independent of presence of salt, temperature of exposure, and aging history, although a hysteresis of the hydration–dehydration process was observed at low frequencies. Two types of absorbed water were observed—water molecularly dispersed within the epoxy matrix and clustered water in spherical microcavities. The time dependence of the real dielectric permittivity measured at 10 kHz was found to closely resemble that of the water absorption, which allowed the activation energy of diffusion to be calculated from both dielectric and gravimetric data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1011–1024, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10368     

Energy-saving technologies of autoextractive distillation of an acetone-chloroform-n-butanol-dimethylformamide mixture

The autoextractive distillation of an azeotropic solvent mixture of acetone, chloroform, n-butanol, and dimethylformamide is considered. A set of flowsheets belonging to different structural classes is synthesized (flowsheets containing two-withdrawal columns and flowsheets involving complex columns with a single side section). The flowsheet that is optimal in energy consumption is revealed, and it is shown that flowsheets with coupled heat and material flows are more efficient than conventional ones.     

Investigation of Taimyrsk graphites for producing periclase-carbon ladle refractories

Conclusions The investigations showed that Taimyrsk graphite corresponds in chemical composition to foundry and crucible graphite.The content of crystalline graphite equals 13.0–26.3%. The characteristics of periclase carbon goods based on foundry and Taimyrsk graphites correspond to the demands placed on ladle refractories. The wear factors of these products in the slag belt of the lining of 350-tonne steel ladles are on practically the same level.Taimyrsk graphites may be used for the production of periclase-carbon ladle refractories in place of crucible or foundry graphite.L. N. Kurlyandskaya (Urals Geology Planning Association) and L. Ya. Osipova (All-Union Institute of Refractories) took part in this research.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 15–17, January, 1991.     

Service properties of chrome-plated surface of fibre-guiding equipment in the KV-III-250 KA machine

Conclusions The effect of the form of chromium-plated fibre-conducting equipment in the KV-III-250 KA machine on the properties of polycaproamide yarn of 187 tex linear density which has been treated with lubricant Teprém-6 is described.It is recommended to use worn-in stretch rolls with a matte surface for their lower stretch rolls; for the heat-plasticizers and other parts, where it is advisable to have a low coefficient of yarn friction, it is recommended to use a shiny-rough surface.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 57–59, March–April 1984.     

Production and properties of zirconia ceramics

Conclusions A study was made of the effect of preliminary milling and the process temperature of a mixture of zirconium and yttrium hydroxides on the technical aspects of preparing large articles from partially stabilized zirconia.A procedure was developed for making such items from tetragonal zirconia, both by monoaxial pressing and by slip casting in gypsum molds. The main physicochemical and frictional properties of the materials were investigated.The material has been tested for pushers, piston units, inserts and gaskets, friction pairs of the gas distribution tract in internal combustion engines, and the axles of shafts for pumps handling corrosive media. The tests confirmed the workability of the material in friction pairs.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 6–9, February, 1991.     

Quadricuspid aortic valve: diagnosis by multiple transesophageal echocardiography

The case of a quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed in adult age is reported. A 67-year-old patient, who had no previous diseases or cardiovascular complaints, presented in the clinic for an embolic occlusion of the left retinal artery. Isolated moderate aortic regurgitation was diagnosed clinically and echocardiographically. For its further evaluation and for seeking embolic sources, multiplane transesophageal echocardiography was performed, which discovered a quadricuspid aortic valve as the cause of aortic regurgitation and major atherosclerotic lesions in the ascending aorta and the aortic arch as possible cause of the embolic event. The fourth, accessory cusp, smaller than the other three, was localized between the non-coronary and left coronary cusp. In the short axis view the quadricuspid aortic valve showed in diastole a "X"-configuration, with a persistent central orifice between the commissures, which was the cause of the regurgitation jet in color Doppler examination, and in the systole a trapezoid opening pattern. In the long-axis view the valve showed a tricuspid closing pattern. The quadricuspid aortic valve can be exactly diagnosed by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography.     

Effect of limbic structure and striatum damage caused by kainic acid on seizure reactions in animals after intracranial injury

It has been established that hippocampus, enthorhinal cortex, amygdala and substantia nigra (pars reticulata) lesions before head injury lead to a decrease of kainic acid-induced behavioral and electrographic seizure expressions. It can be concluded that after head injury the activation of limbic structures excitability due to excitation of "inputs" to these formations takes place. The obtained data indicate the significant role of nucleus caudatus in activation of posttraumatic brain excitatory mechanisms.