Another look at New Look 1.

New Look 1 was not initially about the unconscious. It was the new mentalism on its way to becoming the Cognitive Revolution. Its subsequent concern with "unconscious defense mechanisms," although useful, was not its main theoretical thrust. Its principal questions have always been how and where selective processes operate in perception. Obviously, many such processes are unconscious, for consciously guided attention and search become automatized easily in use, and they are fairly flexible as well. So how smart is "the unconscious"? Not very, but a big help anyway. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The measurement of overt aggression from fantasy.

"A set of specially devised pictures was individually administered to 118 boys aged 6-1 to 10-2 and the stories scored for five different categories of aggressive content. On the basis of teacher ratings of fighting behavior with age mates, the sample was divided into five groups differing in degree of overt aggressivity. The children who were rated as most likely to initiate fighting behavior produced significantly more fighting themes than those boys rated as extremely nonaggressive." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The response of schizophrenic patients to a televised World Series game: A study in social isolation.

This study is an initial effort to demonstrate the social isolation of schizophrenic patients and to test certain hypotheses relating social isolation to chronicity and severity of illness. Using a standardized rating sheet, 8 clinical psychologists were stationed on wards of a large mental hospital to observe the responses of patients during a televised World Series baseball game. The results showed that on the whole the game drew an unusually small audience. There was a striking absence of social response in terms of interaction between patients or with the game. This study, thus, highlights the schizophrenic's immense alienation from social interchange. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Federal research and development: Policies and prospects.

The "Office of Science and Technology was established… as a focal point for comprehensive science policies in the Executive Branch." This 1963 statement to a congressional committee indicates that "the problems of determining how to bring scientists into the formation of national scientific policies have been met in a pragmatic manner." There is substantial commitment of the federal budget to research and development and it has sharply risen during the past 5 years. Major sections are: The Federal Effort, Federal Mechanisms for Science and Technology, The Tasks Ahead, and Summary and Conclusions. Recent budget cuts "will severely arrest the capability of the NSF to meet its statutory responsibilities in research as well as in education." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Axial dispersion with chemical reaction in packed bed reactors

Data on axial dispersion in packed beds is presented. The effect of axial dispersion on first and second order reactions in packed beds in the near plug flow region is predicted from transient response with no reaction.     

Quantitative connotation of a concept.

Trait referent terms (adjectives) were rated on the "bad-good" scale and the mean rating of each word computed. Based on these ratings, lists of 3 terms were constructed with varying distributions, and Ss formed impressions of a person therefrom. Results showed that (a) a positively skewed list produced a more positive (good) impression than one composed of terms having almost identical values, and (b) of 2 lists having identical means and midranges, the 1 including a more highly positive term produced the more positive impression. It was suggested that the connotation of an impression is influenced more by extreme terms than by relatively neutral ones. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Intensive group psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, Intensive group psychotherapy by George R. Bach (1954). According to the reviewer, as a new addition to the rapidly increasing body of literature on group psychotherapy, this volume contains a number of unique features that will certainly command the attention of clinical and social psychologists. It is first of all a concrete and highly practical presentation of group psychotherapy as practiced privately with neurotic patients. The reviewer states that in this respect, it should fill a growing need for work dealing with private group treatment, a field that seems to have some interesting social implications. In addition to this more practical feature, this book is unusual because it is one of the first in this area which includes an attempt to apply the technical developments in group dynamics evolved by the social psychologists directly to the therapeutic treatment of character disorders, hysterics, and other neurotic patients frequently encountered in private practice. The reviewer states that the greatest direct appeal of this book will certainly be the clearly written first half which deals with practical problems of group therapy. The second half of the book opens with an extensive and interesting discussion of a theory of "contact psychology" and group life. In this reviewer's opinion, this book will be of interest both to group therapists and to students seeking material that bridges the gap between clinical and social psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of the delta-P1 approximation for recovery of optical absorption, scattering, and asymmetry coefficients in turbid media

We introduce a robust method to recover optical absorption, reduced scattering, and single-scattering asymmetry coefficients (microa, micro's, g1) of infinite turbid media over a range of (micro's/microa) spanning 3 orders of magnitude. This is accomplished through the spatially resolved measurement of irradiance at source-detector separations spanning 0.25-8 transport mean free paths (l*). These measurements are rapidly processed by a multistaged nonlinear optimization algorithm in which the measured irradiances are compared with predictions given by the delta-P1 variant of the diffusion approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation. The ability of the delta-P1 model to accurately describe radiative transport within media of arbitrary albedo and on spatial scales comparable to l* is the key element enabling the separation of g1 from micro's.