"Lesioning a connectionist model of visual search: Selective effects on distractor grouping": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by G. W. Humphreys et al (Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1992, Vol 46, 417–460). The figures in the article were printed in the wrong order. Figures 2 and 6 should be interchanged, as should Figures 3 and 5. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1993-24303-001.) Presents a connectionist model of visual search, Search via Recursive Rejection (SERR) by G. W. Humphreys and H. J. Muller (in press), in which search is determined by patterns of grouping between distractors and between simple form elements. The performance of SERR is examined after it is subject to various types of "lesion.' Lesioning is produced either by increasing the internal noise on the activation functions governing the interactions between processing units or by eliminating processing units from different loci in SERR. Simulations demonstrate that (1) search processes can be disrupted by adding internal noise to search functions, (2) there can be selective effects on grouping processes, and (3) these selective effects can be associated with different types of lesion to different stages in SERR. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An integrated fuzzy approach for the selection of manufacturing technologies

In this paper, an integrated decision support system is developed, which employs fuzzy techniques to assist decision-makers in choosing an optimal solution from alternative manufacturing options in an uncertain environment. The integrated approach incorporates different justification methods (e.g., strategic, economic, and analytic evaluations) for assessing tangible benefits, like cost, and intangible benefits, like quality, of different alternatives by a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. As an illustrative example, selection of different advanced manufacturing technologies has been demonstrated by using the proposed methodology. The proposed concept will greatly reduce conflicts between tangible and intangible factors, and enhance the process of identification, interpretation, and diagnosis of the value of complex manufacturing and engineering systems.     

Fast color grouping and slow color inhibition: Evidence for distinct temporal windows for separate processes in preview search.

The authors report 4 experiments that examined color grouping and negative carryover effects in preview search via a probe detection task (J. J. Braithwaite, G. W. Humphreys, & J. Hodsoll, 2003). In Experiment 1, there was evidence of a negative color carryover from the preview to new items, using both search and probe detection measures. There was also a negative bias against probes on old items that carried the majority color in the preview. With a short preview duration (150 ms) carryover effects to new items were greatly reduced, but probe detection remained biased against the majority color in the old items. Experiments 2 and 4 showed that the color bias effects on old items could be reduced when these items had to be prioritized relative to being ignored. Experiment 3 tested and rejected the idea that variations in the probability of whether minority or majority colors were probed were crucial. These results show that the time course of color carryover effects can be separated from effects of early color grouping in the preview display: Color grouping is fast, and inhibitory color carryover effects are slow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The natural history of the cervical foramen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals aged 20-60 years as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A descriptive approach

STUDY DESIGN: This study was intended to identify normal degenerative morphologic evolution in the bony foramen in asymptomatic subjects by decade in comparison with symptomatic subjects of like decades. OBJECTIVES: To determine normal degenerative changes in the cervical spine caused by the aging process that predispose a person to foraminal stenosis and radiculopathy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical radiculopathy is a common problem caused by degenerative changes as people age. The characteristics of the foramen that result in stenosis are not known. METHODS: Five to six symptomatic and asymptomatic people in each decade volunteered for magnetic resonance imaging. Lordosis, disc heights, and ratio of spinal cord diameter to spinal canal diameter were measured at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 from sagittal magnetic resonance images. Foraminal heights, widths, and areas were measured at the isthmus of the same foramen from oblique images. RESULTS: Foraminal heights, widths, and areas were larger in asymptomatic patients than in symptomatic patients. Morphologic analysis showed that inferior facet hypertrophy tended to decrease the width of the foramen in aging people. Disc heights, lordosis, and ratio of spinal cord diameter to spinal canal diameter showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Foraminal height affects overall foraminal area but tends to change little with age. Width also affects overall area and not only decreases in older people but also significantly affects the available area for the exiting nerve root.     

In-situ studies of the deformation and dynamic recrystallization of rhombohedral camphor

Polycrystalline specimens of rhombohedral camphor have been deformed in compression in the temperature range 283 to 343 K and the deformation processes and the development of microstructure followed by transmission polarized light microscopy. Processes of slip, kinking and twinning have been observed, and in particular, the mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization and its effect on the development of zones of heterogeneous deformation have been investigated. The points of similarity between the behaviour of camphor and metals and minerals of low symmetry are discussed.     

Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurement of elastic strain in heteroepitaxial GaAs films

GaAs films have been grown on silicon and various insulating substrates. These include silicon-on-sapphire, silicon with a buried implanted oxide, and single crystal sapphire. Quantitative comparison of the respective measured shifts in the dominant photoluminescence peaks (7 K) indicates that the GaAs layers deposited on silicon-on-sapphire substrates that have been microstructurally upgraded by the double solid-phase epitaxy process are strain-free.<>     

Predictability of employee theft: Importance of the base rate.

Argues that R. W. Rosenbaum's (1976) article on the predictability of theft of retail store clerks fails to describe, let alone take into account, the base rate for theft in those organizations. Without this information, his results are uninterpretable. Allowance should also be made in computations of correlations for discrepancies between the design of the sampling in the research and the base rate in the population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological Bulletin.

This article is reprinted from the Psychological Bulletin, 1965, 63, 73. There will be an important change in editorial policy for the Psychological Bulletin which will be put into effect for Volume 63, 1965. This was made possible by action of the Board of Directors and Council of the Association in doubling the number of pages per year for the Bulletin. The editors will welcome methodological articles, including all phases of methodology, whether experimental, analytical, or statistical. Although such articles have been accepted in the past, the invitation stressed methodological reviews. The characteristics methodological articles should have are discussed here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Strategy training has no significant effect on race differences in nonverbal reasoning.

Argues that the conclusion of B. Bridgeman and J. Buttram (see record 1975-30982-001) that race differences on a nonverbal reasoning test are smaller when Ss have been given verbal strategy training is not supported by their data. A transformation of their data from means to correlations indicates that the test used is psychometrically inadequate and that this finding may be generalizable to many nonverbal reasoning tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)