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71.
Alexander Schriewer Kelly D. Goodwin Christopher D. Sinigalliano Annie M. Cox David Wanless Jakob Bartkowiak Darcy L. Ebentier Kaitlyn T. Hanley Jared Ervin Louise A. Deering Orin C. Shanks Lindsay A. Peed Wim G. Meijer John F. Griffith Jorge SantoDomingo Jennifer A. Jay Patricia A. Holden Stefan Wuertz 《Water research》2013
The contribution of fecal pollution from dogs in urbanized areas can be significant and is an often underestimated problem. Microbial source tracking methods (MST) utilizing quantitative PCR of dog-associated gene sequences encoding 16S rRNA of Bacteroidales are a useful tool to estimate these contributions. However, data about the performance of available assays are scarce. The results of a multi-laboratory study testing two assays for the determination of dog-associated Bacteroidales (DogBact and BacCan-UCD) on 64 single and mixed fecal source samples created from pooled fecal samples collected in California are presented here. Standardization of qPCR data treatment lowered inter-laboratory variability of sensitivity and specificity results. Both assays exhibited 100% sensitivity. Normalization methods are presented that eliminated random and confirmed non-target responses. The combination of standardized qPCR data treatment, use of normalization via a non-target specific Bacteroidales assay (GenBac3), and application of threshold criteria improved the calculated specificity significantly for both assays. Such measures would reasonably improve MST data interpretation not only for canine-associated assays, but for all qPCR assays used in identifying and monitoring fecal pollution in the environment. 相似文献
72.
High-speed digital signal processing and control 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Goodwin G.C. Middleton R.H. Poor H.V. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1992,80(2):240-259
An attempt is made to organize and survey recent work, and to present it in a unified and accessible form. The need for a new approach suitable for high-speed processing is discussed in the context of several applications in control and communications, and a historical perspective of the use of difference operators in numerical analysis is presented. The general systems calculus, based on divided-different operators is introduced to unify the continuous-time and discrete-time systems theories. This calculus is then used as a framework to treat the three problems of system state estimation; system identification and time-series modeling; and control system design. Realization aspects of algorithms based on the difference operator representation, including such issues as coefficient rounding and implementation with standard hardware, are also discussed 相似文献
73.
Jeffrey Beck Richard Scritchfield Billy Sullivan Jamie Teherani Chang-Feng Wan Mike Kinch Martha Ohlson Mark Skokan Lewis Wood Pradip Mitra Mike Goodwin Jim Robinson 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2009,38(8):1579-1592
The operation of the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) HgCdTe cylindrical electron injection avalanche photodiode (e-APD) is described.
The measured gain and excess noise factor are related to the collection region fill factor. A two-dimensional diffusion model
calculates the time-dependent response and steady-state pixel point spread function for cylindrical diodes, and predicts bandwidths
near 1 GHz for small geometries. A 2 μm diameter spot scan system was developed for point spread function and crosstalk measurements at 80 K. An electron diffusion
length of 13.4 μm was extracted from spot scan data. Bandwidth data are shown that indicate bandwidths in excess of 300 MHz for small unit
cells geometries. Dark current data, at high gain levels, indicate an effective gain normalized dark density count as low
as 1000 counts/μs/cm2 at an APD gain of 444. A junction doping profile was determined from capacitance–voltage data. Spectral response data shows
a gain-independent characteristic. 相似文献
74.
R Lewis S Kapur C Jones J DaSilva GM Brown AA Wilson S Houle RB Zipursky 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,156(1):72-78
BACKGROUND: In the FRISC trial, dalteparin 120 IU/kg body weight twice daily for unstable coronary artery disease was safe and reduced the risk of new coronary events. This risk reduction was maintained during the following extended treatment with a fixed dose of 7500 IU dalteparin once daily. METHODS AND RESULTS: Minor bleeding was more frequent in women compared with men: relative risk (CI) 2.88 (1.78 to 4.67) during the weight-adjusted and 2.36 (1.37 to 2.63) during the fixed dose treatment. The anti-Xa activity determined in samples (n = 175) obtained during the acute phase treatment was higher in women compared with men (P <.001) and in nonsmokers compared with smokers (<.001) in multiple regression analysis. Also, during the fixed-dose treatment (n = 131) an independent relation between anti-Xa activity and sex (P <.001), but not smoking habits, persisted. CONCLUSION: To improve future low-molecular-weight heparin dose regimens for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, it might be important to consider the influence of sex and smoking habits. 相似文献
75.
We have used comparative sequence analysis to identify an intein-like sequence (protein splicing element) present in Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen of humans. The sequence encoding this element is present in the C. neoformans PRP8 gene, as an in-frame insertion relative to the PRP8 genes of other organisms. It contains sequences similar to those of the protein-splicing domains of two previously described yeast inteins (in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis), although it lacks any recognizable internal endonuclease domain. The Cryptococcus neoformans intein (Cne PRP8) is only the second to be found in a eukaryote nuclear genome; the previously described yeast inteins occur at the same site in the VMA gene homologues of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis. The host gene of the Cryptococcus intein, PRP8, encodes a highly conserved mRNA splicing protein found as part of the spliceosome. The Cne PRP8 intein may be a useful drug target in addressing the cryptococcal infections so prevalent in AIDS patients. 相似文献
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Weiland J. Melchior H. Kearley M.Q. Morris C.R. Moseley A.M. Goodwin M.J. Goodfellow R.C. 《Electronics letters》1991,27(24):2211-2213
A 1*8 element III-V photodetector/silicon bipolar circuit receiver array has been fabricated using a selfaligning, low parasitic, flipchip solder bond hybridisation process. Receiver elements operate at data rates up to 1 Gbit/s with an input sensitivity of -23 dBm at 1.3 mu m wavelength, and with negligible interchannel crosstalk. An overall delay of 1.5 ns was measured between optical input and digital output.<> 相似文献