Polymerizable derivatives of long-chain fatty alcohols. III. Copolymers of some alkyl acrylates and acrylonitrile

Coplymers of acrylonitrile containing 5 to 28 mole % (11 to 70 weight %) of three alkyl acrylates (butyl, octyl, and octadecyl) were prepared in t-butanol solution. The copolymers were capable of being molded at about 300–400°F. under a pressure of about 2,000 p.s.i. The magnitude of both the tensile strength and the characteristic low temperature of the copolymers varied inversely with the weight percentage of the acrylate present without regard to its alkyl type. The copolymers were oriented with an accompanying three-fold increase in the tensile strength. Good resistance to several selected reagents was shown by all the copolymers. This paper was presented, in part, at the fall meeting. American Oil Chemists' Society, New York, October 1960. Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat.

Studied the food preferences of 52 male hooded Lister and albino Wistar rats. 19 Ss were intact; 33 received bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala. Lesioned Ss chose different foods from controls in 10-min food-preference tests. The normal Ss ate primarily familiar chow, while the amygdala-lesioned Ss ate primarily novel foods. The lesioned Ss did not select indiscriminately but showed definite preferences. With repeated testing, the normal Ss' preferences became similar to those of the lesioned Ss. Food-preference tests in a disturbing environment suggested that the difference between the lesioned and control groups was not due to a general alteration in behavior such as fear. Other aspects of ingestive behavior, such as body weight regulation, were not primarily altered by the lesions. The basolateral amygdala may therefore be concerned with the selection of foods on the basis of previous experience. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Zur Statistischen Auswertung des Tetraden-Tests

Zusammenfassung Es ist nicht erforderlich, die in dieser Zeitschrift [1] veröffentlichte Tabelle zur statistischen Auswertung des Tetraden-Tests durch Anwendung der Yates'schen Kontinuitätskorrektur zu korrigieren.

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To the Statistical Interpretation of the Tetrade Test

Summary It ist not necessary to correct the table for the statistical interpretation of the tetrade test, that was published in this journal [1], with the Yates' continuity correction.

     

Fließverhalten granulierter Pulver

An verschiedenen Granulaten aus Karbonyleisen, Zinkmanganferrit, Elektrolytkupfer und Karbonylnickel sowie an Pulvern aus Aluminiumoxyd und Eisen Untersuchung ihrer Fließdauer durch einen Trichter in Abhängigkeit von seinem Düsendurchmesser some Messung des Böschungswinkels des ausgeflossenen Werkstoffes und des Haftwinkels auf Glas und Messing.     

Calculation of SANS intensity for polyethylene: effect of varying fold planes and fold plane roughening

The intensity of the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) for polyethylene crystallized in the lamellar habit from the melt at large supercoolings is calculated for μ = 0.01 to μ = 0.14 [$\text{μ = (}\text{4π}\text{λ}\text{)}\text{sin}\text{(}\text{θ}\text{2}\text{)}$]. Computations are made on models which allow various amounts and types of chain folding and varying degrees of ‘tight’ or ‘regular’ folds. The models that fit the SANS data best have folding along lattice planes in which the stem separation is larger than 0.5 nm (5 Å) or which allow for fold plane roughening on a variety of fold planes. the ‘leapfrog’ type folds mentioned by Sadler were also considered, and a possible cause for their existence suggested. As an example, the variable cluster model gives a good account of the SANS data with the surface roughening suggested by nucleation theory with fold planes [110], [200], and [310], or a mixture. Even though the conditions of crystallization used in preparing the SANS specimens (large supercoolings) were conducive to the maximum surface disorder, the probability of ‘tight’ or ‘regular’ folding, p_tf, was found to be ～0.7 for the best models. This corresponds closely to the theoretical lower bound $\text{p}{}_{\mathrm{tf}}\text{=}\text{2}\text{3}$ which is rigorous for the case of non-tiled stems. The probability of strictly adjacent re-entry in a single specified fold plane, p_ar, was ～0.4 to ～0.7 depending on the particular model chosen. The best models fit not only the SANS data, but also the liquid and crystal density, degree of crystallinity, and characteristic ratio (or radius of gyration). None of the models show the density anomaly inherent in the switchboard or random re-entry models of Yoon and Flory.     

Applications for stochastic optimization in the power industry

A survey on present applications of stochastic optimization in the power industry is presented. In particular, the motivation for changing over from deterministic to stochastic optimization models, the theory of stochastic optimization and the implementation of risk aversion is described. Furthermore, several characteristic applications in the power industry, such as short-term unit commitment, middle-term portfolio optimization, long-term investment planning and emissions-trading, are discussed.

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Modular dynamic biomolecular modelling with bond graphs: the unification of stoichiometry,thermodynamics, kinetics and data

Renewed interest in dynamic simulation models of biomolecular systems has arisen from advances in genome-wide measurement and applications of such models in biotechnology and synthetic biology. In particular, genome-scale models of cellular metabolism beyond the steady state are required in order to represent transient and dynamic regulatory properties of the system. Development of such whole-cell models requires new modelling approaches. Here, we propose the energy-based bond graph methodology, which integrates stoichiometric models with thermodynamic principles and kinetic modelling. We demonstrate how the bond graph approach intrinsically enforces thermodynamic constraints, provides a modular approach to modelling, and gives a basis for estimation of model parameters leading to dynamic models of biomolecular systems. The approach is illustrated using a well-established stoichiometric model of Escherichia coli and published experimental data.     

Wireless sensor networks scheduling for full angle coverage

Many current studies in tracking and surveillance assume that a target can be monitored by a single sensor. However, there are situations where a sensor can only monitor a certain portion of the object. Examples include image capturing and coastline monitoring. In our previous work, we develop the Minimum Cost Cover algorithm to identify a set of sensors which preserve 360° coverage of a target with minimum cost, such that when different cost functions for the sensors are used, covers with different optimization objectives can be identified. In this work, we study the scheduling problem to monitor a target continuously with full angle coverage. To increase network lifetime, we develop several algorithms by adopting different cost functions in selecting the sensors. We evaluate the performance of our schemes through extensive simulations. The simulation results show that our proposed Conditional Scheduling metric can help to improve the network lifetime as well as the time to the first node failure.

Identification and characterization of surface lipid components of the dried-bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The dried-bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus is a major post-harvest pest, which can cause up to 30% losses from dry-stored beans. For the use of microbial agents for biocontrol of A. obtectus, it is of importance to identify cuticular lipids of this pest, if we are to understand the factors responsible for preferential adhesion or selective repulsion of entomopathogenic fungi that are potentially useful for biocontrol.The cuticular lipids of adult A. obtectus of both sexes were found to consist of hydrocarbons, aldehydes, methyl- and ethyl-esters of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, alcohols and sterols. All the fatty acids identified in this study were found in both ether extracts and dichloromethane extracts. The dominant fraction of all the lipids isolated from this species consisted of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1, C_18:2 and C_18:3 compounds. Males and females contained similar amounts of hexadecanoic acid, but there was a significant difference between the total amounts of C_18:0, C_18:1 and C_18:2 acids in the two groups. We have also successfully identified one of the sesquiterpenes present in the cuticle as α-farnesene.