Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis--a rare case of fistula between colon and kidney

A rare case of the Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome in a 15-year-old boy is presented. The patient had general macrodontia with gigantic mandibular third molars. Other dental anomalies, such as peak-shaped cuspids, central cusps, dens in dente, multituberculism, and single conical molar roots, were also present.     

A pilot study of lithium carbonate plus divalproex sodium for the continuation and maintenance treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder

PURPOSE OF STUDY: To assess whether selected periapical radiographs, taken according to High Yield Criteria, can reveal as much intra-osseous pathology as universal panoramic screening. POPULATION STUDIED: The records of 1101 RAF recruits enlisted in 1988-89, average age 19 years (range 16-26). METHODS: The clinical records and bitewing radiographs of the recruits were examined and the requirement for periapical radiographs determined according to high yield criteria. A template, cut out to simulate the area covered by a periapical bitewing radiograph, was placed over the suspect region on the panoramic film and any findings found within the template recorded. The entire dental panoramic tomograph was then examined on a masked screen under 2X magnification and any further findings recorded. FINDINGS: There was a considerable number of findings reported, including three large isolated radiolucent areas, 75 periradicular radiolucent areas, four probable cysts and 1187 unerupted mandibular third molars. However, when the clinical significance of these 'lesions' was assessed only those related to dental causes appeared to have significant clinical implications and the results indicated that these could have been detected by selective radiology. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the only pathology which occurs frequently enough to justify radiographic screening of the jaws in young adults is related to teeth. It seems probable that this type of pathology can be at least as well detected by selective periapical screening, using high yield criteria, as is possible by universal panoramic screening.     

Variation in mRNA expression of alpha-adrenergic, neurokinin and muscarinic receptors amongst four arteries of the rat

The effects of Mg2+ concentration (Mg2+o, 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mM) on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias and on the cellular electrical activity were studied in spontaneously beating rat hearts. The surface electrogram and the membrane potential were recorded in control conditions, during 10 min of regional ischemia (ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery), and on reflow. Changes in Mg2+o did not alter action potential morphology but the depolarization induced by ischemia decreased with increasing Mg2+o. In hearts perfused with Mg2+ free solution or 1.2 mM subthreshold delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) were often detected during ischemia. Moreover, DADs could be identified as initial events in the production of extrabeats or tachycardia appearing on reperfusion under these conditions. Chaotic electrical activity during fibrillation precluded the observation of DADs. The overall incidence (100%) and severity of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (80% tachycardia and fibrillation) was similar in both groups. At high Mg2+o, subthreshold DADs were occasionally observed during ischemia and often on reperfusion where they did not lead to the development of overt arrhythmias. Consequently, the incidence, severity, and duration of arrhythmic episodes on reflow was markedly reduced. Raising Mg2+ only on reperfusion did not prevent the development of arrhythmias, whose morphology in the intracellular recordings was similar to that found in hearts perfused without Mg2+ or with 1.2 mM. The recovery of sinus rhythm after 10 min of reperfusion was linearly related to Mg2+o. Our data strengthen the view that reperfusion arrhythmias belong to the Ca2+ mediated non reentrant type and suggest that Mg2+ counteracts these arrhythmias by depressing cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Besides, it appears that raising Mg2+o reduces ischemic K+o accumulation. The resulting changes in resting potential could contribute to lower DADs amplitude and thus decrease the arrhythmogenic potential of the Ca2+i oscillations induced by reperfusion.