扩展DSO功能的仪表放大器

为了确定一个太阳能发电厂的规格,需要准确地测量某个产品消耗的负载电流。该产品用于多个内部设备的开、关切换,间隔时间为数秒。但电流计显示电流瞬变的速度太快了,无法用目视观测,而我的经理要求提供有电流波形峰值的示波器照片。我推来了公司的车载DSO(数字存储示波器),在产品的正电源输入端串接了一个小阻值电阻器,试图在电流采样电阻器上作一个差分电压测量(Channel A减Channel B)。     

Editorial

Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation -     

Decrease in cardiovascular disease mortality in the Czech Republic from 1984 to 1993 and its possible causes

BACKGROUND: The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the ten-year development of the cardiovascular mortality rate in two population groups in the age bracket from 25 to 64 years, i.e. in subjects living in six districts which participated in the international WHO project MONICA and in the population of the whole Czech Republic. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on the mortality rate in 1984-1993 for the age group from 25-64 years were provided by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics, information on the prevalence of risk factors was obtained in three cross-sectional studies implemented in six districts as part of the MONICA project in 1985, 1988 and 1992. In the mortality rate per 100,000 population in the six districts the following changes were revealed (in parentheses the values for 1984 and 1993 are given): men - a statistically significant declining trend in the from all caused mortality (849.3-742.5; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (367.2-280.4; p < 0.001) and cerebrovascular mortality (69.7-44.8; p < 0.001). In the mortality from ischaemic heart disease (215.7-170.6; ns) a declining trend was not recorded. In women aged 25-64 years in the six districts there was a statistically significant decline of the mortality from all caused (359.5-322.1; p < 0.001), the cardiovascular mortality (115.6-100.6; p < 0.001) and cerebrovascular mortality (31.1-23.6; p < 0.001). The mortality from ischaemic heart disease did not change (49.2-48.8; ns). In the population of the Czech Republic in men the following were detected: a drop of the from all caused mortality (907.1-784.8; P < 0.001), the cardiovascular mortality (383.5-308.4; p < 0.001) and cerebrovascular mortality (76.5-55.3; p < 0.001). Also in women of the Czech Republic a decline of the mortality from all caused was recorded (390.1-328.5; p < 0.001), the cardiovascular mortality (135.3-103.8; p < 0.001), ischaemic heart disease (58.0-48.6; p < 0.001) and cerebrovascular mortality (43.5-27.4; p < 0.001). In 1990 an increased cardiovascular mortality was recorded in men different from the trend during 1984-1993, statistically significant in the Czech Republic (p < 0.05) and in the six districts (p < 0.05). The reasons of this trend are not clear. The role of health services in the mortality drop is not clear, although available data indicate their improvement. Favourable changes were found in risk factors: during the period from 1985-1992 the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia declined significantly in men and women, the prevalence of hypertension in women and the prevalence of smoking in men declined in the six districts. From nationwide data ensues that after 1989 significant changes occurred in the diet of the Czech population. The meat consumption declined by 1993 by 13%, the milk and dairy product consumption by 26.8% the butter consumption by 43.6% the consumption of vegetable fats increased by 16%, of vegetables by 8%, tropical fruit by 43.2%. These changes probably had an impact on the cholesterol level and BMI of the Czech population. CONCLUSIONS: In the declining cardiovascular mortality trend during 1984-1993 the following may have participated: improved medical care, dietary changes, improvement of the risk profile and other, in particular socioeconomic factors. With regard to the close temporal association of the investigated changes it may be assumed that this development is at least partly associated with changes of the political and economic position in the Czech Republic after 1989.     

A reinterpretation of research on aggression.

The concept of aggression is examined and found to be an inadequate way to describe or classify human behaviors. An alternative way of classifying harm-doing behaviors is presented in terms of coercive power. A reinterpretation of the distinctions made by various theories of aggression is offered and applied to research findings. The social-psychological perspective offered suggests specific research questions and generates a series of new hypotheses for investigation. The conditions that lead observers to label actors as aggressive are proposed, and the implications of this label on the subsequent behaviors of observers and actors are explored. (98 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of the behavior problem checklist with psychotic adolescents.

Compared teacher ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist of 56 adolescents who (a) were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic (psychotic) and (b) had an adjustment reaction of adolescence (nonpsychotic). The schizophrenics tended to be rated as more deviant on both the flag items and Inadequacy–Immaturity dimensions of the checklist, whereas the adjustment reaction group was rated higher on the Conduct Problem and Socialized Delinquency dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)