建立当代中国大学自主创新体系

在科学技术迅猛发展的时代,一个国家要强盛,一个大学要发展,应该走什么样的道路?报告从自主创新是当代中国大学的使命和当代中国大学自主创新的途径两个大的方面进行了分析论证,得出结论:自主创新是实现科教兴国、人才强国伟大战略的必由之路,也是我国钨工业实现跨越式发展的必由之路。     

Ti-Al系金属间化合物多孔材料的制备和性能

使用粉末冶金模压成形和无压反应烧结方法,制备出Ti-Al系金属间化合物多孔材料,研究了铝含量对其孔隙形成机理以及孔结构性能的影响.结果表明:烧结后Ti-Al合金坯块发生了显著的体积膨胀;最大孔径和开孔隙率都随着铝含量的增加而增大,当铝含量(质量分数)超过60%时,总孔隙率出现下降趋势;Kirkendall效应导致的钛铝元素偏扩散反应是体积膨胀和孔隙形成的主要原因.     

Viscoelastic properties of monodisperse spherical silica suspension

The viscoelastic properties of the suspension of monodisperse spherical silica produced by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in alcohol solvent with ammonia as a catalyst in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied. The results show that the SiO2/PEG suspension possesses the reversible shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors. In the shear thinning region, the loss modulus (G″) almost remains unchanged, whereas the storage modulus (G′) decreases. In the shear thickening region, G″ and G′ increase for the formation of the "clusters". The larger G″ over G′ in all the stress studied shows that the system mainly possesses the viscous property, and that the energy dissipated(Ed) is larger than that stored. Ed of this suspension is proportional to the maximum strain (γmax) rising with the exponent of 1.92 under low shear stress; however, in the shear thickening region, Ed is proportional to γmax rising with the exponent of 5.00.     

压制压力对多孔TiAl合金孔结构及过滤性能的影响

以Ti、Al混合粉末为原料，通过反应烧结制备TiAl金属间化合物多孔过滤材料，分析压制压力对孔隙率、最大孔径及渗透系数的影响。结果表明：随着压制压力从90MPa增加到375MPa时，总孔隙率呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-平缓减小-平缓减小”的变化趋势，开孔隙率呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-显著增大-急剧减小”的变化趋势，最大孔径呈“急剧减小-减小-减小-减小”变化，而渗透系数呈“急剧减小-平缓减小-平缓增大-急剧减小”的变化。综合考虑压制压力对孔隙率、最大孔径及渗透系数的影响，当压制压力为250MPa时，TiAl合金烧结坯具有较大的开孔隙率、较小的孔径和较大的渗透系数。改变颗粒之间的间隙大小及数量，从而影响反应造孔和孔隙长大，是压制压力影响孔隙率、最大孔径的机制。     

金属注射成形技术进展

分析了影响金属注射成形（ＭＩＭ）产业化进程的两个主要技术因素，即适合ＭＩＭ要求的原料粉末的生产方法和ＭＩＭ生产工艺，并概述了目前ＭＩＭ技术的发展状况。     

Electrochemical characteristic of chemical-mechanical polishing of copper with oxide passive film

1　INTRODUCTIONThankstoitslowresistivityandhighelectromi grationresistance ,copperappearstobeaverypromisingsubstituteforaluminumininterconnec tions[1] .However ,copperisverydifficulttopattern ,andonlychemical mechanicalpolishing (CMP)tech nologycanresolvethisproblem[2 ] .CMPwasinitiallyinvestigatedandopenedoutfrom 1980soverseas[3] ,anditisthebestandonlyglobalplanarizationtech nologyatpresent ,butkeepsholdofbusinesssecretsallthetime .Fayolleetal[2 ] researchedCMPprocessofcopperwhereFe(…     

稀土元素钇对纳米级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末制备的影响

以喷雾干燥法制备的（W，Ni，Fe)复合氧化物粉末为原料，采用700℃，保温90min的条件进行还原；研究了不同稀土Y含量对还原制备纳粹级W-Ni-Fe复合粉末性能的影响；采用XRD及高倍SEM分别对所制备的复合粉末进行了物相分析、晶粒尺寸测试和形貌观察；并对的制得复合粉末的Fsss粒度、比表面进行了测定与分析。结果表明：不加稀土Y时还原粉末由W和7-（Ni，Fe)两相组成，添加一定量稀土Y的还原粉末有W，7-（Ni，Fe)和Y（Ni0.75W0.25)O3三相组成；当Y的质量分数在0%-0.8%范围内（占90W-Ni-3Fe复合粉末的质量分数），随着Y含量的增高，粉末dBET粒度由96.6nm降到45.2nm，粉末Fsss粒度由0.64μm降到0.28μm，粉末晶粒尺寸由26.1nm降到19.8nm；未添加稀土Y时粉末颗粒为球形，添加一定量的稀土Y，粉末颗粒变为近球形或多面体；添加一定量的稀土Y不仅可以有效地掏晶粒的长大，还可以在一定程度上提高粉末的分散性。     

Influence of melt superheat on breakup process of close-coupled gas atomization

In close-coupled gas atomization（CCGA）, the influences of melt superheat on breakup process are fundamental to obtain desired or finer powder. Based on a series of Cu atomization experiment under different superheating conditions, the influences of melt superheat on breakup process were studied. Experimental results indicate that as the melt superheat is increased to 150, 200, 250 and 300 K, the mean particle size （D50） decreases consequently to 34.9, 32.3, 30.9 and 19.7 μm. Theoretical analysis reveals that the primary breakup and secondary breakup processes are close coupled, and the melt superheat radically influences the melt properties, and plays a crucial role on governing the filming process of primary breakup and the atomization modes of secondary breakup. There exists a strong nonlinear decrease of contact angle of melt to nozzle orifice wall when the superheat is increased fi＇om 250 K to 300 K, leading to a marked fall of the film thickness formed in primary breakup, and D50 of copper powders is therefore sharply reduced. However, the log-normal distribution feature of particle size has not been substantially improved.     

C/C复合材料抗氧化复合涂层的制备及其性能

设计并制备了一种工作温度不大于1373 K的C/C复合材料抗氧化复合涂层,其基本结构为浸溃过渡层,陶瓷相阻挡层/玻璃相封填层,涂覆有复合涂层的C/C复合材料试样在空气中于1173 K下氧化10 h的失重率仅为10.37％,氧化失重速率为5.67×10~(-5)g/(cm~2·min);1173 K←→室温空气中急冷急热10 h循环100次后,失重率为8.41％,涂层没有剥落,说明整个涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性和抗热震性能,该种复合涂层可在中低温(不大于1373 K)氧化性气氛中长时间工作,适合作C/C复合材料航空刹车副等部件的抗氧化涂层,能够大大提高C/C复合材料的使用寿命和性能。     

TaC涂层的氧化特征与氧化机制

用在空气中氧化、氧炔焰超高温烧蚀等方法对TaC涂层在不同温度的氧化特征与氧化机制进行研究。研究结果表明：TaC在508℃以上开始氧化,在508～690℃时氧化产物为六角Ta2O3固溶体,690～900℃时氧化产物转化为斜方Ta2O5晶体,900～1500℃时氧化产物为斜方Ta2O5,其形态为龟裂或多孔烧结态,未能形成对TaC的隔离保护膜;1500℃氧化时出现部分Ta2O5液相与Ta2O5斜方相共存的现象;在氧炔焰超高温2300℃烧蚀时形成大量的Ta2O5熔体液膜,熔体与TaC的润湿性很好。TaC涂层由低温无熔体情况下界面反应控制机制变为氧通过熔体溶解与扩散的控制机制。