Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei （PM） infection. Methods A total of 12 patients with AIDS complicated with disseminated PM infection were collected and the symptoms, signs, laboratory examination results and image manifestations of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results （1） The diagnosis of PM infection in all the 12 cases were confirmed by peripheral blood culture. All the 12 cases （100%） had irregular fever （38-41℃） and enlarged lymph nodes, 8 cases （66%） had skin rashes; 8 cases （66%） had hepatomegaly; 9 cases （75%） had splenomegaly while 8 cases （66%） had anemia. （2） Imaging manifestation： Five cases manifested bilateral pulmonary disseminated miliary nodular shadows or lattice signs; 1 case showed enlarged hilar lymph node and 2 cases showed patchy shadow with pleuritis. One case presented sub-pleural curve line shadow at the posterior part of the right lower lung, and adhesion between the intestinal wall and intestinal mesentery in mass form in the abdomen by CT examination. Conclusion Patients suffering from AIDS （CD4 T lymphocytes 〈50/μ L） with impaired immunity might be susceptible to complication of disseminated PM infection, which presents mainly damage of multiple organs and symptoms such as fever; enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes, as well as specific skin maculopapular rashes. Imaging manifestations in the lungs were revealed as miliary nodular shadows and lattice-like shadows. Intensified abdominal CT might reveal presence of several enlarged postperitoneal lymph nodes and intestinal adhesion in shape of ＂cakes＂.     

视场角设置对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响

目的探讨不同视场角参数对虚拟环境中目标判断的影响规律 ,找出最佳视场角参数。方法利用自行研制基于PC平台的虚拟现实 (VR)实验系统 ,选定 45名年龄在 2 3～ 5 8岁被试者并完成大小与角度判断的实验设计。首先进行 30 0人次的预实验 ,确定引起虚拟环境中目标判断差错的视场角及相应观察任务的差别等级 ,然后开始单因素、4水平的完全随机正式实验。结果方差分析表明 ,不同的虚拟环境视场角对目标判断的真实性有显著性影响 ,当视场角为 60°时 ,目标判断的正确率最大。结论利用VR技术进行载人航天器工效设计、操作训练或其它任务的研究时 ,应考虑视场角的作用 ,适合目标大小判断的视场角参数值宜取 60°,以便获得最大的工效     

RNA干扰技术在以VEGF/VEGFR为靶点的膀胱癌治疗研究中的应用前景

RNA干扰（RNAi）是正常生物体内抑制特定基因表达的一种现象，它是指当细胞中导入与内源性mRNA编码区同源的双链RNA（dsRNA），该mRNA发生降解而导致基因沉默的现象。利用RNAi技术干涉VEGF表达，达到抑制肿瘤发展和转移的研究已较为广泛。膀胱癌生长、转移不仅有VEGF表达增多，同时发现VEGFR表达亦增高，成为RNAi的新靶点。现主要综述以VEGF/VEGFR为靶点的RNAi技术在膀胱癌治疗研究中的优势、发展前景以及存在问题与对策。     

血红素氧合酶-1与脑出血的继发性损害

自发性脑出血是指非外伤性脑实质出血,发病率高,死亡率高[1],且脑出血后患者多遗留不同程度的神经功能障碍。因此,探讨脑出血后脑组织损伤的病理生理机制对于改善脑出血病情及预后是十分必要的。大量研究表明自发性脑出血后造成的脑损伤存在多种机制[2]:早期血肿机械占位效应、     

eZ-SCOPE AN手持式半导体γ相机性能评估

目的检测eZSCOPEAN手持式半导体(碲化镉)γ相机的性能指标及观察小鼠骨显像效果。方法使用半导体γ相机和泛源模型、圆形样本盒、毛细玻璃管等质控模型,根据NEMA(NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation)标准进行了固有能量分辨率、固有计数率特性、泛野系统均匀性、系统平面灵敏度及系统空间分辨率测试,并进行了小鼠骨显像实验。结果固有能量分辨率FWHM为507%,20%丢失计数率和最大计数率均未出现,积分均匀性为384%,低能高分辨准直器的系统灵敏度(计数·min-1·MBq-1)0mm为20988,30mm为19535,低能高灵敏准直器的系统灵敏度(计数·min-1·MBq-1)0mm为61090,30mm为52876,系统空间分辨率0mmFWHM=22mm,30mmFWHM=57mm。小鼠骨显像实验示半导体γ相机可在较短时间内获得较为满意的小脏器影像。结论该仪器具有高灵敏度和高分辨率,能满足临床对小脏器和小动物单光子显像的要求。该仪器具有质量轻、便携、显像速度快等特点。对半导体探头计数率特性测定的方法需进一步研究。     

静脉药物配置中心的建立在临床中的应用

静脉输液药物集中配置、管理是我国医院管理的一项新举措.长期以来,临床静脉输液中的加药工作一直是由护士在治疗室独立完成,这种方式存在着很多不足之处.在这种环境污染下,职业健康安全管理越来越受到各国政府的重视.为了提高服务质量,预防和控制可能存在的环境污染及职业健康安全风险,国家颁布 GB/T24001～ 1996<环境管理体系规范和使用指南>, GB/T28001-2001<职业健康安全管理体系规范>标准,引进国外的先进管理模式,此项工作由药师和护士共同完成,以期达到合理用药减少药物的流失和浪费,科学配置、降低输液反应.静脉药物配置中心把静脉药物配置从普通环境的治疗室转为在具有洁净条件的配置中心进行集中管理配置,保证配置出来的药品安全无菌、有效.需要输液的患者在舒适、整洁和安静的环境下进行输液,减少临床护理工作量的目的,把更多的时间还给病人.这为顺利实施静脉配置中心的项目提供了保障,确保了输液中心正常运行.     

Reduced expression of CD69 and adhesion molecules of T lymphocytes in asthmatic children receiving immunotherapy

T lymphocytes play a fundamental role in the initiation and regulation of chronic inflammatory responses in patients with asthma. CD69 is an early marker of T‐cell activation. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) and L ‐selectin have been reported to increase in patients with allergic diseases and asthma. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate the expression of CD69, CD54, and L ‐selectin by T lymphocytes of children with asthma, before and after immunotherapy. Eighteen children newly diagnosed with asthma, 11 good and nine poor responders to immunotherapy, and 16 normal subjects, were enrolled in this study. The percentages of CD69⁺, CD54⁺, and CD62L⁺ cells in T lymphocytes were measured by using flow cytometry. The levels of CD69, CD54, and CD62L in serum and culture supernatants were determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CD69 and CD54 on CD3⁺ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in children with asthma than in control patients. All the patient groups expressed (spontaneously and following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin together with mite‐extract proteins) greater amounts of CD69 and CD54 than did control subjects. With long‐term immunotherapy, the percentages of CD69⁺ and CD54⁺ T lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with a good response to immunotherapy. Our results also showed significantly lower serum L ‐selectin levels following immunotherapy. In conclusion, successful immunotherapy resulted in decreased expression and production of CD69 and CD54. These results may explain, in part, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.     

腹腔注射高渗盐水对下丘脑室旁核加压素能神经元的兴奋作用

目的探讨外周高渗刺激激活下丘脑室旁核(PVN)神经元的细胞类别。方法以腹腔注射高渗盐水作为外周高渗刺激。细胞外记录PVN神经元单位放电的变化，并用免疫细胞化学方法观察PVN中los的表达及los表达阳性神经元的性质。结果腹腔注射高渗盐水使PVN的位相型放电神经元兴奋，PVN内los表达明显增加，特别是PVN大细胞中大量的los阳性神经元同时表达精氨酸加压索(AVP)。结论外周高渗刺激能够激活PVN内的加压索(VP)能神经元。     

细胞间黏附分子-1及白细胞介素-1β在脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤中的表达及其作用

目的　探讨细胞间黏附分子 - 1(ICAM - 1)及其调节因子白细胞介素 - 1β在脊髓缺血 -再灌注损伤中的表达和作用。　方法　建立大鼠急性脊髓缺血 -再灌注损伤模型 ,采用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应、免疫组化及免疫荧光激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术 ,检测脊髓再灌注损伤血管内皮ICAM - 1mRNA和白细胞介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)mRNA表达量。　结果　正常对照组和单纯缺血组不引起细胞因子和黏附分子表达量的增加 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而再灌注后缺血区细胞因子、黏附分子的表达及多形核白细胞 (PMN)浸润先后发生了改变。缺血 30min后再灌注 2h ,IL - 1βmRNA的表达量为 (1.0 76± 0 .330 )V ,约为正常对照组的 2倍 (P <0 .0 1) ;再灌注 6h达到高峰 ,并持续至 12h。I CAM - 1mRNA表达量于再灌注 4h为 (0 .94± 0 .12 )V (P <0 .0 1) ;再灌注 12h ,其单位微血管面积内ICAM - 1蛋白荧光强度约比单纯缺血组增加了 3倍 (P <0 .0 0 1)。　结论　脊髓缺血 -再灌注损伤时 ,ICAM - 1及其调节因子IL - 1β在继发性脊髓损伤过程中起重要作用。