青少年腰高比与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的 探讨腰高比与青少年代谢综合征的相关性,为代谢综合征的预防提供理论依据.方法 以全国9个城市城乡中学初一、初二、高一、高二学生和省属大学大一、大二学生作为目标人群,对其进行体格检查,并按照知情同意的原则,检测部分目标人群的空腹血糖和血脂.共获得有效人体测量和血压样本12 106份,获得有效空腹血样7 738份.以腰高比≥0.05作为高腰高比的划界标准,按照国际糖尿病联盟提出的儿童青少年代谢综合征诊断标准筛选代谢综合征;运用x2检验和单因素Logistic回归分析方法分析腰高比与代谢综合征的相关性.结果 青少年代谢综合征检出率为2.0%,高腰高比检出率为7.4%,性别差异均无统计学意义.高腰高比组代谢综合征检出率(14.7%)显著高于对照组(0.8%)(x2=592.63,P<0.01),对照组和高腰高比组具有1个代谢综合征症状的比例分别为31.8%和43.8%,有2个代谢综合征症状的比例分别为7.4%和39.9%.高腰高比与代谢综合征之间关联的OR值为6.84(95%CI=4.366～11.889),与中心性肥胖、血压偏高、高三酰甘油和低高密度脂蛋白检出率的正相关均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高腰高比与代谢综合征及其症状均有较好的相关性,并且能较好的反映体脂的中心性分布情况.     

安徽省农村寄宿制学校学生伤害发生情况

目的 了解安徽省农村寄宿制学校学生伤害发生情况及其影响因素,为农村寄宿制学校学生伤害的预防提供依据.方法 对安徽省5个县25所寄宿制学校5 556名学生进行调查,收集其人口统计学资料和1 a内伤害发生情况.结果 学生伤害发生率为52.0%,男生发生率高于女生,初中生和小学生伤害发生率均高于高中生.不同住宿类型的学生伤害发生情况不同,交通事故和动物咬伤以住家学生多见.性别、学习阶段和地区是住校和住家2种住宿类型学生伤害发生的共同影响因素.结论 寄宿生活可能是交通事故和动物咬伤的保护因素.     

安徽省农村老年人受虐待与忽视现状及其影响因素研究

目的 探讨安徽省农村老年人受虐待与忽视的现状及影响因素.方法 在安徽省16个地市41个县,对975名60岁以上老年人入户问卷调查.使用自编的调查问卷调查老年人的受教育程度、婚姻状况、收入状况、管教子女情况、对自己父母的行为方式、日常生活能力、生理功能、慢性病情况和老年人受虐待与忽视情况等.结果 最近1年内,一般躯体虐待、严重躯体虐待、情感虐待、经济虐待、忽视和总虐待与忽视的报告率分别为4.5%、1.5%、26.9%、4.9%、7.2%和29.9%.281名受虐待与忽视对象中,80.4%报告最近1年内受到3次以上虐待与忽视,有34.9%报告受到2种及以上的虐待与忽视.5种虐待与忽视的首位施虐者均为儿媳或女婿(43.2%).日常生活功能明显下降、有慢性疾病是一般躯体虐待的危险因素,非文肓是一般躯体虐待的保护因素;日常生活功能明显下降是严重躯体虐待的危险因素;日常生活功能轻度或明显下降、对自己父母有鲁莽行为是情感虐待的危险因素,对子女管教严格是情感虐待的保护因素;日常生活功能轻度或明显下降、经常责打子女、经常对自己父母有鲁莽行为是经济虐待的危险因素;日常生活功能轻度或明显下降、生理功能明显影响日常生活、对自己父母有鲁莽行为是忽视的危险因素;日常生活功能轻度或明显下降、对自己父母有鲁莽行为是总虐待与忽视的危险因素,对子女管教严格是总虐待与忽视的保护因素.结论 农村老年人受虐待与忽视现状不容乐观,不同虐待与忽视类型的影响因素存在一定差异,应加强对日常生活能力下降老年人的关注.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors related to abuse and negligence against the elderly in the rural areas. Methods 975 elderly over 60 years from 41counties in Anhui province were included. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire including items as: educational background, marital condition, income, child-discipline, rude action to parents, daily activities, physical functions, having chronic illness, abuse and negligence against the elderly, etc. Results In the last year, rates of common physical abuse, serious physical abuse,emotional abuse, financial exploitation, negligence, overall abuse and negligence against the elderly were 4.5%, 1.5%, 26.9%, 4.9%, 7.2%, 29.9% respectively. Among the 281 victims, 80.4% reported that they were suffered more than 3 times of abuse and neglect episodes, and 34.9% reported that they were suffered more than 2 forms of abuse and negligence. The primary sadism was carried out by the daughter-in-law or son-in-law (43.2%) of the elderly. Low activity on daily life and having chronic illness were the risk factors causing common physical abuse while better education was the protective factor to it, Low ability in managing daily activity of living was the risk factor causing serions physical abuse. Less active on daily life and having rude action to parents were the risk factors to emotional abuse, but being strict with their children was the protective factor to emotional abuse. Less active on daily life, often beating their children and having rude action to parents were the risk factors related to financial exploitation. Less active on daily life, having rude action to parents and having bad physical functions were the risk factors causing negligence. Less active on daily life and having rude manner to parents were the risk factors of overall elderly abuse and negligence, but being strict with their children was protective factor to the abuse and negligence against the elderly. Conclusion High prevalence on abuse and negligence against the elderly was seen in the rural areas of China. Different forms on elderly abuse and negligence were affected by different factors that called for more attention to be paid to those elderly with lower ability in managing their daily life.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

中国8市青少年消极应对方式与亚健康关系

目的 了解青少年学生消极应对方式的分布情况,探讨消极应对方式与亚健康状态的相关性。方法选取哈尔滨、北京、太原、重庆、贵阳、鄂州、绍兴、广州8个城市17 622名中学及大学生为研究对象,进行特质应对方式问卷和青少年亚健康多维评定问卷调查。结果 女生、高中、其他民族及非独生子女的青少年更易选择压抑和退避应对方式,其高分组的检出率分别为34.8%、35.3%,31.6%、36.2%,30.7%、35.4%,28.5%、32.7%,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);压抑和退避应对方式得分为中和高的青少年学生,其亚健康症状的危险性是得分极低的青少年学生的1.40～6.50倍。结论 消极应对方式在青少年中较为常见,消极应对方式与青少年亚健康状态存在统计学关联。     

皖籍汉族人群MICA等位基因多态性的分布

目的了解皖籍汉族正常人群中MICA（major histocompatibility complex class I chain—related gene A）等位基因的分布,为进一步研究MICA关联疾病的发病机制奠定基础。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交（polymerase chain reaction and sequence—specific oligonucleotide probing。PCR—SSOP）技术对112例正常人群进行MICA基因外显子2、3、4的多态性分析。结果本研究人群的MICA基因多态性以MICA＊008等位基因频率最高,达30．36％,其次为＊010（16．96％）、＊002（13．84％）和＊009（12．05％）。单倍型分析显示。MICA基因与多个HLA—B位点间存在连锁不平衡现象,有统计学意义的有MICA＊008-B40、B07、B13,MICA＊010-B46、B15,MICA＊002-B35、B15和MICA＊009-B52。结论皖籍汉族正常人群的MICA等位基因分布具有其基本特点,MICA基因与HLA—B位点间存在广泛连锁不平衡。     

合肥地区妇女孕早期妊娠相关焦虑的流行特征

目的描述孕妇孕早期妊娠相关焦虑流行特征,分析其影响因素,为孕早期心理保健服务提供依据。方法以1 010名首次进行孕期保健体检的孕妇为研究对象,孕早期妊娠相关焦虑采用自编的《妊娠相关焦虑量表》进行评定。孕妇人口统计学特征以及不良因素暴露由问卷调查获得,统计分析人口统计学特征与妊娠相关焦虑的关系。结果孕妇有焦虑情绪的发生率为27.4%,孕妇的年龄和是否意外怀孕可显著影响妊娠相关焦虑的发生。结论应加强对低年龄孕妇和意外怀孕孕妇的心理健康监测,并及时进行心理辅导和心理治疗。     

高职学生恋爱暴力与抑郁的关联研究

目的在描述高职学生恋爱暴力流行特征的基础之上,为干预高职学生抑郁提供循证依据。方法采用现况研究设计,方便抽样整群选取安徽省3所高职院校的4147名在校学生作为调查对象,以《青少年健康行为调查问卷》为调查工具,运用恋爱暴力问卷评价恋爱暴力行为;应用自评抑郁量表(SDS)量表评定抑郁症状。结果综合类高职院校学生躯体暴力检出率和性暴力检出率高于工科类和医科类高职学生,高职男生躯体暴力检出率和心理暴力检出率高于高职女生,不同年级高职学生之间的躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力检出率差异均具有统计学意义;独生子女躯体暴力检出率和性暴力检出率高于非独生子女。在校高职生抑郁症状总检出率为55.58%,其中男生为55.4%,女生为55.7%,差异无统计学意义。恋爱暴力与抑郁的关联强度结果显示,性暴力与抑郁的发生有相关性(OR=1.801,95%CI:1.078,3.008,P=0.025)。结论高职学生中恋爱暴力行为比较普遍,有性暴力经历的高职学生可作为抑郁干预的重点人群。     

高职学生述情障碍与手机依赖的关联研究

目的在描述高职学生手机依赖行为流行特征的基础之上,分析述情障碍与手机依赖行为的关联强度,为干预高职学生手机依赖行为提供循证依据。方法通过整群抽样选取安徽省三所高职学校学生作为研究对象,采用青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷(SQAPMPU)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)评价高职学生的手机依赖和述情障碍。结果高职学生中度、高度手机依赖行为检出率为49.3%、26.4%,其中女生中高度手机依赖行为检出率79.1%高于男生67.8%(P0.001);高职学生高程度组手机依赖的述情障碍TAS总分和因子分均高于手机依赖低度/中度组(P0.001);不同程度手机依赖总得分、分维度得分与述情障碍TAS分和因子得分均呈正相关;控制性别、年龄等变量后,与有述情障碍的学生相比,无述情障碍组发生中度、高度手机依赖行为的风险更低(OR=0.49,CI=0.35~0.70;OR=0.18,CI=0.13~0.25)。结论高职学生中手机依赖行为比较普遍,有述情障碍的高职学生可作为手机依赖干预的重点人群,应给予高度重视和关注。     

生活满意度在农村学生住宿类型与孤独感中调节/中介效应的分析

目的 探讨生活满意度在农村地区中小学生不同住宿类型与孤独感中的调节/中介效应,为农村中小学生心理卫生问题干预提供理论参考.方法 以农村中小学生为调查对象,采取现况研究设计,应用现场匿名问卷调查法收集资料,内容包括一般健康情况、儿童孤独量表、多维青少年生活满意度问卷.结果 住校生的孤独感评分(35.0±9.5)明显高于住家生(33.1±10.1)(P=0.000),而住校生的学校满意度(33.5±6.3)、朋友满意度(42.1±6.2)、自我满意度(32.4±5.0)评分明显低于住家生(分别为35.9±6.6、42.9±6.6、32.9±5.3)(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05);住宿类型与孤独感评分的关系完全被学校满意度中介[孤独感的标准回归系数从0.043(P<0.05)降低到0.021(P>0.05)],部分被朋友满意度和自我满意度中介.调节效应分析发现,朋友满意度、自我满意度、学校满意度对寄宿制学校与孤独感评分关系的调节效应均无统计学意义.结论 住宿类型和生活满意度对巾小学生孤独感有良好的预测作用,学校满意度在住宿类型与孤独感中完全中介效应显著,对中小学生孤独感的干预可从这些方面着手.