Monolithic SiGe Up‐/Down‐Conversion Mixers with Active Baluns

The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of monolithically matching circuits, interface circuits, and RF core circuits to the same substrate. We designed and fabricated on‐chip 1 to 6 GHz up‐conversion and 1 to 8 GHz down‐conversion mixers using a 0.8 µm SiGe hetero‐junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process technology. To fabricate a SiGe HBT, we used a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD) system to grow a base epitaxial layer, and we adopted local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) isolation to separate the device terminals. An up‐conversion mixer was implemented on‐chip using an intermediate frequency (IF) matching circuit, local oscillator (LO)/radio frequency (RF) wideband matching circuits, LO/IF input balun circuits, and an RF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated up‐conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 6 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz. Also, the down‐conversion mixer was implemented on‐chip using LO/RF wideband matching circuits, LO/RF input balun circuits, and an IF output balun circuit. The measured results of the fabricated down‐conversion mixer show a positive power conversion gain from 1 to 8 GHz and a bandwidth of about 4.5 GHz.     

Effects of α‐form or β‐form nuclei on polymorphic crystalline morphology of poly(butylene adipate)

The effects of α‐form and β‐form nuclei on polymorphic morphology of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) upon recrystallization from the molten state up to various T_max values were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). In this study, PBA with complex melting and polymorphism behaviour was used as a model for examining different types and extents of residual nuclei. As the PBA initially containing the sole α‐crystal was brought to a molten state of various T_max, the extents of trace α‐form crystal nuclei varied and were dependent on T_max. Furthermore, it did not matter whether, initially, the PBA contained α‐ or β‐form crystals (or both) because only a single type of α‐nuclei could be left upon treatment to the molten liquid state at T_max. Therefore, only the α‐crystal in PBA had ‘memory capacity’ in the molten liquid state while the β‐crystal did not. This was so because the latter had been completely transformed into the solid state prior to being heated into a liquid. PBA crystallized before α‐nuclei could be packed into α‐crystal, regardless of the crystallization temperature (T_c). For recrystallization from molten PBA without any nuclei, the crystalline polymorphism was correspondingly influenced by T_c. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

青年人的声音应该得到聆听

全世界居住在城市的青年人越来越多地寻找机会在影响他们生活的问题上发表自己的意见——说出他们生活中有关快乐与痛苦的真实情况。     

停止强制驱逐——来自巴西库里蒂巴的报告

2003年10月1日清晨，城市警卫队的队员在巴西的库里蒂巴对一处叫Sambaqui的贫民窟住区进行了封锁，把居住在那里的72个人从他们的家中驱赶了出去。警卫队摧毁了这些人的房屋，点燃大火，把屋子里的床垫、器具和其它的日用品，甚至还包括一名老妇人喂养的小猫都丢进了大火中。武装的警卫队员还在一次未经官方批准的行动中对六个人实施了殴打。那些从自己的家园被驱赶出来的人不得不暂时住在为他们提供的一处市中心的工会大楼中。     

城市管理项目前景光明

瑞典国际发展合作署（SIDA）支持城市管理项目（UMP）有许多原因。瑞典国际发展合作署发现城市管理项目在减轻贫困、良好治理、环境、性别平等和艾滋病防治等问题上的主要观点、关注重点与其发展重点相近。     

Error Concealment Based on Semantic Prioritization with Hardware‐Based Face Tracking

With video compression standards such as MPEG‐4, a transmission error happens in a video‐packet basis, rather than in a macroblock basis. In this context, we propose a semantic error prioritization method that determines the size of a video packet based on the importance of its contents. A video packet length is made to be short for an important area such as a facial area in order to reduce the possibility of error accumulation. To facilitate the semantic error prioritization, an efficient hardware algorithm for face tracking is proposed. The increase of hardware complexity is minimal because a motion estimation engine is efficiently re‐used for face tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the facial area is well protected with the proposed scheme.     

钢筋混凝土框架梁截面的优化确定

以梁的配筋和截面有效高度为优化设计变量 ,导出了 RC框架梁的优化配筋率和优化设计高度 ,并给出了各种荷载作用下 ,不同设防烈度和场地类别条件下的截面优化设计高度表达式 ,为设计人员提供了方便 .     

三代微光管均匀性测试与分析

利用自行研制的“光电阴极多信息量测试系统”首次对国产三代微光管中的GaAs光电阴极的均匀性进行了光谱响应测试 ,结果表明该国产三代微光管存在明显的非均匀性。利用曲线拟合方法估算了GaAs光电阴极的材料性能参数 ,发现表面逸出概率不一致是非均匀性的主要原因 ,GaAs材料的少子扩散长度 (1 1 2～ 1 82 ) μm ,与阴极厚度相当 ,后界面复合速率在 (1× 1 0 5～ 1× 1 0 6 )cm/s之间 ,它限制了阴极灵敏度的提高     

New approach to enhance adhesions between carbon nanotube emitters and substrate by the combination of electrophoresis and successive electroplating

Complementary electroplating combined with electrophoresis enhanced the field emission characteristics of emitters by improving the adhesions between CNT emitters and substrate. The emitting current of the CNT emitters prepared by our combined method increased nine times higher than that of CNT emitters prepared by electrophoresis only, since electroplating improved the adhesion of CNT emitters. During the life-time measurement for 10 h, the emitting current of CNT emitters fabricated by electrophoresis only was drastically decreased to 13% of the initial current, while that prepared by the combination of electrophoresis and successive electroplating decreased to 64% of the initial current. We suggest that our method is a promising approach for the efficient fabrication of reliable CNT emitters.