Effect of ternary solute interaction on interfacial segregation and grain boundary embrittlement in an M–I–J system is modeled on the basis of combined Guttmann and Rice–Wang approaches. It is clearly shown that repulsive I–J interaction strengthens interfacial segregation of the impurity I, suppresses segregation of the solute J, and substantially enhances intergranular embrittlement. Attractive interaction exhibits an opposite effect. Generally, the effect of the ternary interaction is weaker than that of the binary one. Although there are only rare experimental data in this respect, their comparison to model calculations shows a very good agreement. 相似文献
Transportation-based metrics for comparing images have long been applied to analyze images, especially where one can interpret the pixel intensities (or derived quantities) as a distribution of ‘mass’ that can be transported without strict geometric constraints. Here we describe a new transportation-based framework for analyzing sets of images. More specifically, we describe a new transportation-related distance between pairs of images, which we denote as linear optimal transportation (LOT). The LOT can be used directly on pixel intensities, and is based on a linearized version of the Kantorovich-Wasserstein metric (an optimal transportation distance, as is the earth mover’s distance). The new framework is especially well suited for computing all pairwise distances for a large database of images efficiently, and thus it can be used for pattern recognition in sets of images. In addition, the new LOT framework also allows for an isometric linear embedding, greatly facilitating the ability to visualize discriminant information in different classes of images. We demonstrate the application of the framework to several tasks such as discriminating nuclear chromatin patterns in cancer cells, decoding differences in facial expressions, galaxy morphologies, as well as sub cellular protein distributions. 相似文献
The TSMG process of YBCO bulk superconductors with Y1.5Ba2Cu3Ox composition and 1 wt% CeO2 addition has been studied. It is shown that the window for isothermal growth of single-crystalline sample grown from Sm123 seed is between 988 °C and 1003 °C. At lower temperatures of this window, Y123 crystals grow with higher growth rate but the quality of crystals is worse due to the formation of steps at the growth front. During an isothermal dwell at the optimized temperature, the growth of Y123 single-crystal stops due to decreasing peritectic temperature with increasing CuO concentration in the melt. Additional slow cooling 1 °C/hour from the temperature of isothermal growth leads to epitaxial growth of Y123 crystal over the entire sample. Only very narrow part at the rim of the sample contains CuO phase and blocky Y123 crystals are formed there due to self-nucleation. 相似文献
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have distinct opto-electronic properties including enhanced luminescence and high on-off current ratios, which can be further modulated by making more complex TMD heterostructures. However, resolution limits of conventional optical methods do not allow for direct nanoscale optical-structural correlation measurements in these materials, particularly of buried interfaces in TMD heterostructures. Here we use, for the first time, electron beam induced cathodoluminescence in a scanning transmission electron microscope (CL-STEM) to measure optical properties of monolayer TMDs (WS2, MoS2 and WSSe alloy) encapsulated between layers of hBN. We observe dark areas resulting from localized (~ 100 nm) imperfect interfaces and monolayer folding, which shows that the intimate contact between layers in this application-relevant heterostructure is required for proper inter layer coupling. We also realize a suitable imaging method that minimizes electron-beam induced changes and provides measurement of intrinsic properties. To overcome the limitation of small electron interaction volume in TMD monolayer (and hence low photon yield), we find that encapsulation of TMD monolayers with hBN and subsequent annealing is important. CL-STEM offers to be a powerful method to directly measure structure-optical correspondence in lateral or vertical heterostructures and alloys.
This paper represents the elements and the use of the upgraded simulation system, developed in the last half decade for ?tore Steel billet caster. The simulation system is used in the context of the state-of-the-art automation and information of the twenty-five year-old three-strand Concast billet continuous caster for dimensions square 140 and 180 mm with the capacity of 160,000 tons/year. The simulation system is used in the off-line and on-line modes. The off-line mode is used in order to set the proper process parameters and to calculate the temperature field, macrosegregation, and grain structure of the strand. It is also used to calculate the changes in the caster design such as the secondary cooling and the position of the SEN. The on-line model is used in automatic casting control system. The paper represents an update of our BHM publication of 2005 (Application of Continous Casting Simulation at ?tore Steel, BHM, Vol. 150, No. 9, 300–306). 相似文献
A differential improvement modification to Hybrid Genetic Algorithms is proposed. The general idea is to perform more extensive improvement algorithms on higher quality solutions. Our proposed Differential Improvement (DI) approach is of rather general character. It can be implemented in many different ways. The paradigm remains invariant and can be easily applied to a wider class of optimization problems. Moreover, the DI framework can also be used within other Hybrid metaheuristics like Hybrid Scatter Search algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, or Bee Colony Optimization techniques. 相似文献
The research was conducted with the aim to investigate the possibility of Farinograph, Extensograph and Amylograph values prediction with linear and/or multiple Mixolab regression models. In total, 163 flour samples were divided based on Machalanobis distances into three sets: prediction, validation and external sample set. Determination coefficients ranged from 0.145 to 0.640 for linear regression models and from 0.279 to 0.739 for multiple regression models. Internal and external validation of developed regression models was conducted. Testing of developed models resulted in a high share of samples for which predicted values were out of the ranges of method official reproducibility and a high share of samples for which predicted values were out of the quality level range obtained by analytical measurement. It was concluded that it is impossible to develop applicable regression models for prediction of Farinograph, Extensograph and Amylograph parameters on the basis of Mixolab values from standard protocol. 相似文献
Uncertainties in flood predictions complicate the planning of mitigation measures. There is a consensus that many possible incident scenarios should be considered. For each scenario, a specific response plan should be prepared which is optimal with respect to criteria such as protection, costs, or realization time. None of the existing software tools is capable of creating large scenario pools, nor do they provide means for quick exploration and assessment of the associated plans. In this paper, we present an integrated solution that is based on multidimensional, time‐dependent ensemble simulations of incident scenarios and protective measures. We provide scalable interfaces which facilitate and accelerate setting up multiple time‐varying parameters for generating a pool of pre‐cooked scenarios. In case of an emergency, disaster managers can quickly extract relevant information from the pool to deal with the situation at hand. An interactive 3D‐view conveys details about how a response plan has to be executed. Linked information visualization and ranking views allow for a quick assessment of many plans. In collaboration with flood managers, we demonstrate the practical applicability of our solution. We tackle the challenges of planning mobile water barriers for protecting important infrastructure. We account for real‐world limitations of available resources and handle the involved logistics problems. 相似文献