Cytological Observations and Bulked-Segregant Analysis Coupled Global Genome Sequencing Reveal Two Genes Associated with Pollen Fertility in Tetraploid Rice

Neo-tetraploid rice with high fertility is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding, which was developed from the crossing of different autotetraploid rice lines. However, little information is available on the molecular mechanism underlying the fertility of neo-tetraploid rice. Here, two contrasting populations of tetraploid rice, including one with high fertility (hereafter referred to as JG) and another with low fertility (hereafter referred to as JD), were generated by crossing Huaduo 3 (H3), a high fertility neo-tetraploid rice that was developed by crossing Jackson-4x with 96025-4x, and Huajingxian74-4x (T452), a low fertility autotetraploid rice parent. Cytological, global genome sequencing-based bulked-segregant (BSA-seq) and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were employed to study the genes associated with pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. The embryo sacs of JG and JD lines were normal; however, pollen fertility was low in JD, which led to scarce fertilization and low seed setting. Cytological observations displayed low pollen fertility (25.1%) and approximately 31.3 and 27.2% chromosome lagging at metaphase I and II, and 28.8 and 24.8% chromosome straggling at anaphase I and II in JD, respectively. BSA-seq of F_2–3 generations and RNA-seq of F₄ generation detected a common fragment, i.e., 18,915,234–19,500,000, at chromosome 7, which was comprised of 78 genes associated with fertility. Among 78 genes, 9 genes had been known to be involved in meiosis and pollen development. Two mutants ny1 (LOC_Os07g32406) and ny2 (LOC_Os07g32040) were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in neo-tetraploid rice, and which exhibited low pollen fertility and abnormal chromosome behavior. Our study revealed that two unknown genes, LOC_Os07g32406 (NY1) and LOC_Os07g32040 (NY2) play an important role in pollen development of neo-tetraploid rice and provides a new perspective about the genetic mechanisms of fertility in polyploid rice.     

Permissive Modulation of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Enhanced Intracellular Calcium on BKCa Channel of Chromaffin Cells

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a signaling sphingolipid which acts as a bioactive lipid mediator. We assessed whether S1P had multiplex effects in regulating the large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel (BK_Ca) in catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. Using multiple patch-clamp modes, Ca²⁺ imaging, and computational modeling, we evaluated the effects of S1P on the Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ currents (I_K(Ca)) in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells and in a pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12). In outside-out patches, the open probability of BK_Ca channel was reduced with a mean-closed time increment, but without a conductance change in response to a low-concentration S1P (1 µM). The intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration (Ca_i) was elevated in response to a high-dose (10 µM) but not low-dose of S1P. The single-channel activity of BK_Ca was also enhanced by S1P (10 µM) in the cell-attached recording of chromaffin cells. In the whole-cell voltage-clamp, a low-dose S1P (1 µM) suppressed I_K(Ca), whereas a high-dose S1P (10 µM) produced a biphasic response in the amplitude of I_K(Ca), i.e., an initial decrease followed by a sustained increase. The S1P-induced I_K(Ca) enhancement was abolished by BAPTA. Current-clamp studies showed that S1P (1 µM) increased the action potential (AP) firing. Simulation data revealed that the decreased BK_Ca conductance leads to increased AP firings in a modeling chromaffin cell. Over a similar dosage range, S1P (1 µM) inhibited I_K(Ca) and the permissive role of S1P on the BK_Ca activity was also effectively observed in the PC12 cell system. The S1P-mediated I_K(Ca) stimulation may result from the elevated Ca_i, whereas the inhibition of BK_Ca activity by S1P appears to be direct. By the differentiated tailoring BK_Ca channel function, S1P can modulate stimulus-secretion coupling in chromaffin cells.     

Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.     

Effective DOA Estimation Under Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Based on Multi-Source Information Meta Fusion

Efficiently performing high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions has always been a challenge task in the literatures. Obvi-ously, in order to address this problem, the key is how to mine or reveal as much DOA related in-formation as possible from the degraded array outputs. However, it is certain that there is no per-fect solution for low SNR DOA estimation designed in the way of winner-takes-all. Therefore, this paper proposes to explore in depth the complementary DOA related information that exists in spa-tial spectrums acquired by different basic DOA estimators. Specifically, these basic spatial spec-trums are employed as the input of multi-source information fusion model. And the multi-source in-formation fusion model is composed of three heterogeneous meta learning machines, namely neural networks (NN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF). The final meta-spec-trum can be obtained by performing a final decision-making method. Experimental results illus-trate that the proposed information fusion based DOA estimation method can really make full use of the complementary information in the spatial spectrums obtained by different basic DOA estim-ators. Even under low SNR conditions, promising DOA estimation performance can be achieved.     

含冰蓄冷空调的CCHP微电网优化调度

冷热电联供(CCHP)型微电网作为综合能源系统的基本物理构成,可实现可再生能源的消纳和多能互补,是实现能源可持续发展和改善生态环境的重要手段。考虑经济性和环保性,以综合运行成本最小为目标,搭建了含冰蓄冷空调的CCHP型微电网优化调度模型采用改进粒子群算法进行求解,得到不同调度方式下系统的产能方案。通过算例分析对比了运行策略对于优化结果的影响,并验证了优化模型的有效性。     

众创空间科技创业创新功能网络的影响因素分析

众创空间是以提供企业基础服务、资金资本、技术研发、创业信息、专业培训等科技创新创业服务为手段,以整合政府、大学、科研院所、产业园区、金融机构、中介机构等各类科技创新创业资源为支撑,从而实现科技成果转化、培育科技型初创企业、促进地区产业发展和区域经济发展的科技创新创业服务组织. 基于众创空间的创业孵化效应、技术创新效应、产业培育效应和社会经济效应等四方面功能定位和效应表现,从外部环境与创新、服务主体的内部联动研究众创空间内外部的影响因素,构建众创空间创业创新功能网络要素结构作用模型. 该模型厘清了内外影响因素,可为众创空间实践运营提供参考.     

高职英语程序化教学之建构

以培养学生实际应用英语的能力为目标,侧重职场环境下交际能力的培养,使学生逐步提高用英语进行交流与沟通的能力,这是高职英语的课程目标定位。但是目前高职高专学生生源质量普遍降低,基础薄弱,直接影响对英语的进一步学习,并最终影响学生职场能力的发展。针对现状,通过研究英语语言的结构,以程序化知识为理论基础,建构行之有效的教学内容与教学过程。     

面向应用型人才培养的Python在线开放课程群资源结构模型研究

智能时代和新工科建设背景下,很多高校都在探索应用型人才的培养模式,广泛建设在线开放课程。程序设计能力作为融入智能时代科技主流的基本技能,在人才培养过程中受到广泛关注。以"Python语言程序设计"课程为依托,以培养应用型人才为目标导向,构建了Python在线开放课程群资源结构模型,并在新冠肺炎疫情防控背景下,面向本校专业学生进行应用实践。通过评价证明该模型在提升应用型人才创新实践能力方面效果显著。     

基于离散单元法的锥形双螺杆输送及混合机理分析

锥形双螺杆挤出机结构模型与其他普通螺杆挤出机相差很大且构成独特,近年来在聚合物加工行业中发挥了很大的作用。设计螺槽深度与螺杆半径比为1∶2、2∶5、1∶3的三种锥形双螺杆挤出机,通过离散单元法模拟了锥形双螺杆挤出机挤出LDPE、HDPE两种颗粒的过程,分析了锥形双螺杆挤出机螺槽内颗粒速度的变化,同时在不同参数下对三种锥形双螺杆挤出机的输送效率进行了比较。利用EDEM软件对LDPE和HDPE颗粒进行离散元分析,得出不同时刻两种颗粒在三种锥形双螺杆挤出机内的混合情况。结果表明,螺槽深度与螺杆半径比为1∶2的锥形双螺杆挤出机的混合效率优于螺槽深度与螺杆半径比为2∶5、1∶3的锥形双螺杆挤出机。