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81.
The emotional reactivity of rats with lesions of the dorsal portion of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was examined using a classical fear conditioning paradigm. Conditioned fear behavior (freezing responses) was measured during both the acquisition and extinction phases of the task. Lesions enhanced fear reactivity to both the conditioned stimulus (CS) and contextual stimuli during both phases, suggesting that dorsal mPFC lesions produce a general increase in fear reactivity in response to fear conditioning. M. A. Morgan, L. M. Romanski, and J. E. LeDoux (1993) found that lesions just ventral to the present lesions had no effect during acquisition of the same task and prolonged the fear response to the CS (but not the context) during extinction. Thus, both dorsal and ventral regions of mPFC are involved in the fear system, but each modulates different aspects of fear responsivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
82.
83.
The ability of cells to traverse pores in a biocompatible filter provides means for examining cell chemoattraction. Filter-based assays also permit rapid, quantitative assessment of the in vitro migratory and invasive potential of tumor cells. Scoring migration has relied on visual counting of stained cells which appear on the underside of the filter and determining a true percentage score involves arduous counting of cells on both filter surfaces. Visual counting of random fields may be unreliable, and counting all fields is laborious. In the present study we developed and compared two alternative methods for scoring cell numbers in filter-based assays, a colorimetric assay of toluidine blue binding, and a radioassay of cells prelabeled with [3H]thymidine. Each method was evaluated for sensitivity, variability, ease of use and efficiency, and suitability for use in assays of cell migration and invasion. The radiolabeling method proved to be sensitive and reliable and was the most efficient technique. Although less sensitive and specific, the colorimetric dye method offered a rapid and reliable, nonradioactive alternative with the distinct advantage of preserving intact cultures for follow-up visual assessments. We conclude that colorimetric and radiolabel scoring of filter-based assays are reliable and efficient semiautomated methods which provide means to obtain more complete assessments of cell migration and invasion. 相似文献
84.
Susana Criado Norman A. García Maria I. Gutirrez Vicente Avila Sonia G. Bertolotti Rio Cuarto 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1996,98(5):172-175
The ability of mono-, di-, tri-and tetra-hydroxyflavones (7-and 3-hy-droxyflavones, 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone, baicalein and fisetin) to act as photoprotectors against singlet molecular oxygen [O2(Δg)]-initiated photooxidation of fats has been established by a kinetic study. The overall quenching rate constants for a series of five hydroxyflavones perfectly parallel their respective behaviour as inhibitors of the sensitized photooxidation of linoleic acid. The best antioxidative effect was exerted by 7-hydroxyflavone which does not chemically react with O2(1Δg). Nevertheless for the remaining flavonoids of the series, the physical deactivation of O2(1Δg) largely prevails over the chemical process. As for the cases of phenols and related hydroxy-aromatic derivatives, the ionization of the -OH group in the flavones, dramatically accelerates the rate of photooxidation. Under these conditions, the 7-hydroxyflavone also reacts effectively with O2(1Δg). Given that flavonoids are natural oil components, this medium effect should be taken into account during the oil-refining process, in order to avoid the flavonoid photodestruction. 相似文献
85.
Maria E. Amato Antonio Grassi Kenny B. Lipkowitz Giuseppe M. Lombardo Giuseppe C. Pappalardo Claudia Sadun 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》1996,6(3):237-253
Suitable parameter sets for the CHARMm force field were derived for the structural units in polychlorophosphazene [P=N, P N, P Cl] using the Dinur Hagler energy second derivative procedure based on quantum mechanical SCI calculations using the 6–31G* basis set. To validate the reliability of the parameter set, structural results obtained with CHARMm for the adopted model compounds (OP2NCl5 and OP3N2Cl5) were compared with those derived fromab initio quantum mechanics using the 6–31G* basis set. Application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combinatioin with the available X-ray diffraction data provided structural and conformational information on the polymer. The calculation made using the periodic boundary conditions (PBC) agree well with the polychlorophosphazene ordered in a monoclinic unit cell (a=5.98,b=12.99,c=4.92 A; β=111.7). This model was stabilized mainly by the image atoms contribution to the electrostatic energy term and had aquasi-planar conformation of the backbone chain (glide symmetry). The MD calculations also provided evidence that the difference between single and double PN bonds is less marked than that measured experimentally. This result is, however, in agreement with more recent and accurate X-ray studies on poly(methylphosphazene). Validation of the polymer model provided a complete picture, otherwise experimentally inaccessible, of the internal fluctuations of the polymeric chains. 相似文献
86.
The bulk modification of SBS rubber with maleic anhydride in a mixing chamber of a Haake rheomixer was studied. The effect of temperature, maleic anhydride, and benzoyl peroxide concentrations on the grafting efficiency was evaluated. High grafting efficiency was achieved when the ratio of peroxide and maleic anhydride concentration was high. On the other hand, on this condition high insoluble fraction was generated. The addition of a diamine, 4,4′‐diaminediphenylmethane to the reaction mixture minimizes the amount of insoluble polymer. However, the grafted MAH content also decreases. The graft copolymer was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the grafting extension was determined by titration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2953–2960, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10355 相似文献
87.
Ionomeric composites based on sepiolite and hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) block copolymer were obtained and characterized from a microstructural and electrical point of view. Before blending, because of the high silanol group concentration in the sepiolite, the latter could be organophilized with suitable coupling agents. The resulting materials were easily processed into thin films or membranes 0.2–0.4 mm thick, their conductivity in some cases approaching 10?1 S/cm. Their suitability for film formation and good electrical properties indicate potential applications as electrolytes in polymer fuel cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3512–3519, 2002 相似文献
88.
P Casolo D Mosca C Amorotti B Drei A Raspadori P Di Blasio E Ganz G De Luca G Colli R De Maria D Amuso 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,68(2):207-11; discussion 212
Primary and sole breast lymphoma is a very rare disease. With the review of our series of 616 cases operated on for breast cancer, only 3 cases (0.48%) of primary breast non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LNH) have been observed. The authors outline the problems concerning diagnosis and therapy of this rare disease: pathological and immunohistochemical aspects are discussed. They stress the importance of staging in order to plan a correct multidisciplinary approach. 相似文献
89.
90.
Troyer Angela K.; Cullum C. Munro; Smernoff Eric N.; Kozora Elizabeth 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,8(1):95
Qualitative performance features and extended-time effects on the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) were examined in 145 healthy Ss (aged 50–95 yrs). Raw scores were calculated at standard and extended time limits; error types and starting points were recorded for a subgroup of Ss. In Ss age 60 yrs and older, there was a consistent decline with age in overall scores at both time limits. Extra time allotments resulted in modest but significant increases in scores. Older and younger Ss benefited equally from the extra time, indicating that the age-related decline on this task cannot be accounted for by general age-related psychomotor slowing. Single- and multiblock rotation errors were relatively common, whereas stimulus boundedness and broken configurations were rare. Despite some potential limitations in generalizability, the results suggest that the incorporation of qualitative scoring procedures in the assessment of visuoconstructional skills may enhance understanding of normal and abnormal brain–behavior relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献