Quasilinearized Regression

Estimation in nonlinear regression usually requires a considerable amount of computational work. If it is possible to linearize the original formulas, the linear regression is sometimes applied to transformed linear relations. The method of quasilinearized regression (first order approximation of nonlinear regression), comparable to linear regression, with respect to computational effort, is described in this paper. This method gives substantially better results than linear regression of linearized formula.     

Power system stability enhancement by WAMS-based supplementary control of multi-terminal HVDC networks

This paper deals with supplementary control of a MTDC network designed for the stability enhancement of a AC power system. The proposed control is a WAMS-based control modulating the real and reactive power at the terminals of the DC network. Relevant control formulas have been derived for a linear multi-machine system model with the application of the direct Lyapunov method. Validity and robustness of the proposed control has been verified by computer simulation for a multi-machine test system using a nonlinear model and detailed modeling of power system components. The proposed control is robust and insensitive to changes in the network configuration and loading conditions in the AC power system. In the case, when more of the MTDC networks and/or the HVDC links are used in one interconnected power system the proposed stabilizing control produces additive damping i.e. each controlled network element contributes to the positive damping. Some practical aspects have also been discussed. The proposed WAMS-based stabilizing control of the MTDC network is innovative by both its main concept and the derivation of control formulas using the direct Lyapunov method.     

Some news about bell inequalities

Abstract

New types of Bell inequalities and new versions of the Bell theorem will be presented here. They lead to stronger constraints for local realistic theories than the standard inequalities. It will be shown that the fact that such inequalities can be violated indicates not only that we have to abandon classical concepts, but is also a direct indication that quantum states which lead to such violations can, without any further processing, like distillation, etc., be applied to perform tasks with efficiency unattainable for classical systems. Misinterpretations of Bell theorem will be discussed. On one hand, the root of some erroneous claims that there exists a local realistic model for EPR-Bell correlations will be exposed. On the other hand, over-interpretations using vague terms like quantum non-locality or just non-locality will be criticized.     

The effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-37, and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) on the availability of minerals from Dutch-type cheese

The use of probiotic cultures in the production of Dutch-type cheeses did not lead to significant changes in their chemical composition but it lowered their acidity. The availability of calcium and magnesium analyzed by in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis was 19 and 35%, respectively; the availability of phosphorus was significantly higher, at >90%. The use of probiotic cultures significantly increased the availability of calcium (~2.5%), phosphorus (~6%), and magnesium (~18%). The in vitro method supports accurate determination of the effect of the Lactobacillus spp. cultures on the availability of mineral compounds ingested with Dutch-type cheese.     

Innovative method of Transthoracic Lung Cancer Biopsy of Parietal Lung Tumors under US Guidance after CT Pre-biopsy Planning as an Alternative to CT- Guided Biopsy

The authors compared their earlier results of the tumor biopsies performed under computer tomography （CT） guidance against the results of their recently modified-combined method of visualization and measurement of lung tumor parameters by CT imaging followed by US guided biopsy. In 238 （6.36%） of 3,745 patients in CT examination, the lung tumor was located peripherally, and obtaining histopathological confirmation was crucial to start the proper treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, the division was based on the biopsy method. Within the first group in I 18 patients, parietal lung tumor was confirmed and CT guided biopsy was performed. Within the second group, parietal lung tumor was confirmed in 120 patients and combined method of CT pre- biopsy planning and US guided biopsy were used. Pre-biopsy planning was performed using CT, measurements such as depth and distance of the tumor were made, obtained data were then saved on CT image and patient＇s skin was marked. Then obtained results were analyzed using test for two proportions. The analysis of the results confirmed the higher efficacy of the combined method taking into account the number of complications （p 〈 0.01） and diagnostic histopathological results （P 〈 0.001）. Suggested innovative method, involving both CT pre-biopsy planning and US guided biopsy, allows to analyze simultaneously static CT and dynamic US images and it is considered to be an easy and effective method comparing to relying on static in nature CT images only. Our method is related to a lower complication risk rate.     

Effect of the structure of polymer inclusion membranes on zn(II) transport from chloride aqueous solutions

This article presents application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing polymer matrices: cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), o‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer and phosphonium ionic liquids, i.e., trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) and tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 167), as carriers for Zn(II) transport from chloride medium. Cyphos IL167 application as an ion carrier in PIMs is reported for the first time. The membrane composition is found to affect Zn(II) transport significantly. SEM and AFM images show the differences in the surface morphology of PVC and CTA based membranes. Better transport abilities of CTA membranes (Zn(II) recovery factors exceed 80%) compared with those of PVC, indicate that the structural differences between the two polymers play a crucial role for the membrane permeability. The best initial flux and permeability coefficient are obtained for the membranes with Cyphos IL 101 and Cyphos IL 104 as carriers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42319.     

Surface and interfacial fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of latexes. XIV. Surface phase separation in polystyrene/poly-n-butyl acrylate latex films

This study focuses on the behavior of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (SDOSS) in 50/50 w/w % polystyrene/poly(butyl acrylate) (p-Sty/p-BA) latex films. Specifically, mobility and orientation are examined in the context of the film formation by the use of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. While for the homopolymer blends of p-Sty and p-BA, two T_g values resulting from a phase separation of p-Sty and p-BA phases are observed, only a single T_g is detected for a copolymer of the same mixture, indicating a single phase within the film. ATR FTIR spectroscopic data indicate that the phase separation of p-Sty and p-BA blends does not occur uniformly across the film. After coalescence, p-Sty particles produce a significant degree of stratification at approximately 1.6 μm from the film surface. At this depth, the polystyrene rings assume preferentially parallel orientation to the film surface. At the same time, the hydrophilic groups of SDOSS surfactant (SO⁻₃Na⁺) are oriented preferentiallyparallel to the surface. Under high relative humidity conditions, water is able to diffuse into the film and swells the surface layers, thus causing them to expand. As a result, the top, predominately poly-n-BA surface becomes “thicker», and p-Sty phase appears to be near 2.3 μm from the surface. The polystyrene rings maintain their preferential parallel orientation to the surface, but the hydrophilic groups of SDOSS are able to diffuse into the film with the water uptake and are thus not present at the filmair interface. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.