Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. II. Compensation method of measurement

"Zero-loop" of the molecular potential transformer of submitochondrial particles (SMP) is separated from the remaining electron transfer chain by rotenone, and its e.m.f. ET=0,003+RT/2F in [NADP X H] [NAD+]/[NADP+] [NAD X H] volts is used in the compensative method of measurement of the potential difference across the SMP membrane (delta USMP). The phospholipid membrane, measuring the concentration of the penetrating anions in the solution contained SMP, is used as "zero-indicators". This concentration drops monotonically with increase in delta USMP. Delta USMP is equal to ET when the addition of substrates of transhydrogenase reaction with definite ET does not change the potential across phospholipid membrane.     

Mathematical Simulation of Radiation Instability and a Possible Method of Taking Instability into Account in Realization of the Unit of Power of Laser Radiation and Dissemination of the Unit of Power

The present study is devoted to mathematical simulation of the instability of laser radiation. An algorithm for establishing the shape of continuous laser radiation received at the input of a measuring system is presented.     

On finding that speech is special.

Determined how speech is able to communicate phonological segments by sounds. Is was found that specialized processes of phonetic perception had been made to conform to the acoustic consequences of the way articulatory movements are regulated. The distinctively linguistic function of these specializations is to provide for efficient perception of phonetic structures that can also be efficiently produced. To assume that a phonetic specialization exists accords well with a "vertical" view of language (rather than the "horizontal" view expected), in which the underlying activities are seen as coherent and distinctive. Recent evidence for such special processes comes from experiments designed to investigate the integration of cues (e.g., B. H. Repp et al; see record 1980-22645-001). (60 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing

Cyberloafing is the personal use of the Internet by employees while at work. The purpose of this study is to examine whether employee job attitudes, organizational characteristics, attitudes towards cyberloafing, and other non-Internet loafing behaviors serve as antecedents to cyberloafing behaviors. We hypothesize that the employee job attitudes of job involvement and intrinsic involvement are related to cyberloafing. In addition, we hypothesize that organizational characteristics including the perceived cyberloafing of one’s coworkers and managerial support for internet usage are related to cyberloafing. We also hypothesize that attitudes towards cyberloafing and the extent to which employees participate in non-Internet loafing behaviors (e.g., talking with coworkers, running personal errands) will both be related to cyberloafing. One hundred and forty-three working professional from a variety of industries were surveyed regarding their Internet usage at work. As hypothesized, the employee job attitudes of job involvement and intrinsic involvement were negatively related to cyberloafing. Also as predicted, the organizational characteristics of the perceived cyberloafing of one’s coworkers and managerial support for internet usage were positively related to cyberloafing. Finally, results showed that attitudes towards cyberloafing and participation in non-Internet loafing behaviors were positively related to cyberloafing. Implications for both organizations and employees are discussed.     

Percutaneous large-core biopsy of papillary breast lesions

Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae possess the ability to cleave human IgA1 antibodies, and all successfully colonize and occasionally invade the human upper respiratory tract. N. meningitidis invades the bloodstream after a period of nasopharyngeal colonization. We directly compared levels of IgA1 protease activity in strains (n=52) derived from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of patients with meningococcal disease with strains of N. meningitidis obtained from asymptomatic carriers (n=25). IgA1 protease activity was determined by a sensitive semiquantitative ELISA assay. Levels of IgA1 protease activity were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in strains associated with invasive meningococcal disease (98% with detectable activity, mean = 580 mU) than with those obtained from asymptomatic carriers (76% with detectable activity, mean = 280 mU). Despite marked variation in enzyme activity, almost all strains (96%) possessed the gene for IgA1 protease. Given the panmictic population structure of the bacterial isolates investigated, these data, obtained from two groups infected with N. meningitidis, but with markedly different clinical outcomes, provide the first quantitative evidence that IgA1 protease activity is a virulence determinant that contributes to the pathogenic phenotype, and suggest IgA1 protease as a potential target for prophylaxis.     

Time-dependent gambling: Odds now, money later.

Four experiments investigated temporal changes in the influence of probability and payoffs on gambling. Using urn draws, the authors found in Experiment 1 that temporal distance increased the influence of payoffs and decreased the influence of probability on preferences. The authors found in Experiment 2 that in choosing among the more distant gambles, participants offered more reasons dealing with payoffs and fewer reasons dealing with probability. In Experiments 3 and 4, the authors extended the scope of these findings using a card game and a raffle. The results were interpreted in terms of a temporal construal process that highlights the desirability of outcomes in the distant future and the feasibility of attaining the outcomes in the near future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Temporal construal.

Construal level theory proposes that temporal distance changes people's responses to future events by changing the way people mentally represent those events. The greater the temporal distance, the more likely are events to be represented in terms of a few abstract features that convey the perceived essence of the events (high-level construals) rather than in terms of more concrete and incidental details of the events (low-level construals). The informational and evaluative implications of high-level construals, compared with those of low-level construals, should therefore have more impact on responses to distant-future events than near-future events. This article explores the implications of construal level theory for temporal changes in evaluation, prediction, and choice. The authors suggest that construal level underlies a broad range of evaluative and behavioral consequences of psychological distance from events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simulation of the detection of underwater objects from air

Simulation modelling of the detection through a water-air boundary of underwater objects by means of a CCD camera is performed. The situation using active illumination by pulses of laser radiation is considered. Calculation is performed for the special case of the minimum size of an object detected at a prescribed depth of submersion in relation to its reflection factor. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 9. pp. 32–36, September, 2007.