搞好雨水排放消除工业废水污染来源

文章针对火法、湿法冶炼工艺并存的重金属冶炼企业工业、废水中重金属污染物的来源、危害 ,分析、探讨了实现工业废水无污染排放的途径。认为搞好雨水排放既是从根本上消除重冶企业工业废水中重金属污染的需要 ,又是实现工业废水无污染排放的关键。     

供应链与B2B电子商务：基于分布式工作流系统的方案研究

给出一个跨企业间的工作流模型,为支持构建供应链管理与B2B电子商务的实现,该模型在WfMC的基础上作了扩展,提出了基于合约的互操作关系。建立了一个支持该模型的体系结构,特别坚企业与企业之间工作 流系统的交互接口作了详细的设计。     

Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethylenimine Dual‐Functionalized Nano‐Graphene Oxide for Photothermally Enhanced Gene Delivery

Graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively explored in nanomedicine for its excellent physiochemical, electrical, and optical properties. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) are covalently conjugated to GO via amide bonds, obtaining a physiologically stable dual‐polymer‐functionalized nano‐GO conjugate (NGO‐PEG‐PEI) with ultra‐small size. Compared with free PEI and the GO‐PEI conjugate without PEGylation, NGO‐PEG‐PEI shows superior gene transfection efficiency without serum interference, as well as reduced cytotoxicity. Utilizing the NIR optical absorbance of NGO, the cellular uptake of NGO‐PEG‐PEI is shown to be enhanced under a low power NIR laser irradiation, owing to the mild photothermal heating that increases the cell membrane permeability without significantly damaging cells. As the results, remarkably enhanced plasmid DNA transfection efficiencies induced by the NIR laser are achieved using NGO‐PEG‐PEI as the light‐responsive gene carrier. More importantly, it is shown that our NGO‐PEG‐PEI is able to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cells under the control of NIR light, resulting in obvious down‐regulation of the target gene, Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), in the presence of laser irradiation. This study is the first to use photothermally enhanced intracellular trafficking of nanocarriers for light‐controllable gene delivery. This work also encourages further explorations of functionalized nano‐GO as a photocontrollable nanovector for combined photothermal and gene therapies.     

Hybrid Protein Nano‐Reactors Enable Simultaneous Increments of Tumor Oxygenation and Iodine‐131 Delivery for Enhanced Radionuclide Therapy

It is hard for current radionuclide therapy to render solid tumors desirable therapeutic efficacy owing to insufficient tumor‐targeted delivery of radionuclides and severe tumor hypoxia. In this study, a biocompatible hybrid protein nanoreactor composed of human serum albumin (HSA) and catalase (CAT) molecules is constructed via glutaraldehyde‐mediated crosslinking. The obtained HSA‐CAT nanoreactors (NRs) show retained and well‐protected enzyme stability in catalyzing the decomposition of H₂O₂ and enable efficient labeling of therapeutic radionuclide iodine‐131 (¹³¹I). Then, it is uncovered that such HSA‐CAT NRs after being intravenously injected into tumor‐bearing mice exhibit efficient passive tumor accumulation as vividly visualized under the fluorescence imaging system and gamma camera. As the result, such HSA‐CAT NRs upon tumor accumulation would significantly attenuate tumor hypoxia by decomposing endogenous H₂O₂ produced by cancer cells to molecular oxygen, and thereby remarkably improve the therapeutic efficacy of radionuclide ¹³¹I. This study highlights the concise preparation of biocompatible protein nanoreactors with efficient tumor homing and hypoxia attenuation capacities, thus enabling greatly improved tumor radionuclide therapy with promising potential for future clinical translation.     

A Hypoxia‐Responsive Albumin‐Based Nanosystem for Deep Tumor Penetration and Excellent Therapeutic Efficacy

Uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, insufficient blood flow, and inadequate endogenous oxygen lead to hypoxia in tumor tissues. Herein, a unique type of hypoxia‐responsive human serum albumin (HSA)‐based nanosystem (HCHOA) is reported, prepared by cross‐linking the hypoxia‐sensitive azobenzene group between photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐conjugated HSA (HC) and oxaliplatin prodrug‐conjugated HSA (HO). The HCHOA nanosystem is stable under normal oxygen partial pressure with a size of 100–150 nm. When exposed to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the nanosystem can quickly dissociate into ultrasmall HC and HO therapeutic nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 10 nm, significantly enabling their enhanced intratumoral penetration. After the dissociation, the quenched fluorescence of Ce6 in the produced HC nanoparticles can be recovered for bioimaging. At the same time, the production of singlet oxygen is increased because of the enhancement in the photoactivity of the photosensitizer. On account of these improvements, combined photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy is realized to display superior antitumor efficacy in vivo. Based on this simple strategy, it is possible to achieve the dissociation of hypoxic‐responsive nanosystem to enhance the tumor penetration and therapeutic effect.     

Tuning the thermal and insulation properties of bismuth borate glass for SiC power electronics packaging

Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices are attracting significant attention due to their outstanding stability in high-voltage, high-temperature, and high-frequency environments. To replace toxic Pb-based glass, there is an urgent need to develop Pb-free glass for SiC power device encapsulation, considering its superior electrical insulation properties and processing capabilities. Here, we developed a Bi-based glass for effective encapsulation practical of SiC power devices. By increasing the content of glass modifier BaO, the structure of bismuth borate glass can be tuned to reduce glass network density, leading to the transition of structural units from [BO₄] to [BO₃]. The softened temperature is reduced to 363.4°C with the BaO content increasing to 15 mol%. After encapsulating the SiC power devices using Bi-based glass, the glass demonstrated a reverse breakdown voltage of 650 V and an extremely low leakage current. Therefore, our work provided a route for adapting Pb-free-based low-melting glass for encapsulating SiC devices and offered potential for advanced semiconductor packaging.     

地铁站台气流状况现场测试及CFD模拟

地铁站台的气流流动属湍流流动,采用CFD对站台通风方式进行模拟时需要确定相关的边界条件和适用的湍流模型。通过对既有地铁站台气流状况的现场测试,获得了有参考价值的数据;建立了CFD模型。CFD模拟结果与测试数据的比较表明,所选的湍流模型能正确模拟复杂的站台气流流动。     

树枝状硅钛杂化纳米球负载金纳米颗粒催化性能研究

树枝状纳米球独特的三维中心辐射状孔道结构使其具有出色的比表面积和孔体积。客体物质可负载于多级孔道内,形成新型的载体/递送/反应平台。本研究设计构筑了一类具有高稳定性的多功能复合材料——树枝状硅钛杂化纳米球负载金纳米颗粒催化剂。使其经过系列化学反应及改性过程,树枝状硅钛杂化纳米球依旧保持中心辐射状纹理结构,孔道内成功负载了锐钛矿二氧化钛和超细金纳米粒子。结果表明,相较于树枝状二氧化硅纳米球负载金纳米颗粒材料(对比样),设计合成的催化剂展现出更加优越的多功能催化性能。在模拟太阳光下,其光解水产氢量为210.01μmol·g^-1,约为对比样的10倍。无光条件下,其降解对硝基苯酚的表观动力学常数为2.150×10^-3 s^-1,约是对比样(0.111×10^-3 s^-1)的19倍。     

High performance tubular protonic ceramic fuel cells via highly-scalable extrusion process

We report an effective method to fabricate long, anode-supported tubular protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and test cells in single-cell and short-stack mode. Further, we use our tubular PCFC platform to directly compare three high performance cathodes reported in literature: BaCo_0·4Fe_0·4Zr_0·1Y_0·1O_3-δ (BCFZY), Ba_0·5Sr_0·5Co_0·8Fe_0·2O_3-δ (BSCF), and PrBa_0.5Sr_0·5Co_1·5Fe_0·5O_6-δ (PBSCF) using indentical preparation methods, which can minimize effects from variation of materials either due to suppliers or subsequent processing and testing from different research labs. Using a BCFZY cathode, the maximum power density of our tubular PCFC reaches 164, 308, and 517 mW cm^?2 at 500, 550, and 600 °C, respectively. A 2-cell tubular short stack provides a total power of 2.3 W at 600 °C with tube diameters of 0.82 cm and a total tube active length of 3.2 cm. At 600 °C, the maximum power density reaches, 534, 517, and 326 mw cm^?2 for the BSCF, BCFZY, and PBSCF cathodes, respectively. Under the same conditions, the BSCF-based cell shows the lowest total resistance mostly due to the lowest ohmic resistance and modest polarization resistance. The BCFZY-based cell has the lowest polarization resistance but larger ohmic resistance leading to a slightly higher total resistance than BSCF. The PBSCF cell has an ohmic resistance close to BSCF but a total polarization resistance much larger than either BSCF or BCFZY cell which results in the lowest overall performance.     

Indoor thermal stratification and its statistical distribution

Thermal stratification is established when warmer air rises and cooler air descends under thermal buoyancy. It occurs in indoor environment situations including large warehouse‐type buildings, buoyancy‐driven ventilated spaces with displacement, underfloor ventilation, and/or natural ventilation, and enclosure fires with hot smoke layer on top of cold air layer. This paper reports a recent study that thermal stratification of indoor environment follows the statistical Beta distribution so the vertical temperature distribution is the Cumulative Distribution Function of the Beta distribution defined by two shape parameters, Alpha (α) and Beta (β), despite ventilation types, heat source and other details. It is then possible to estimate a complete vertical temperature profile under thermal stratification by four temperature points (ie, 4‐point Beta distribution), or as few as two points (ie, 2‐point Beta distribution) with a slight loss of accuracy. The study was confirmed by the field measurement data of five warehouse‐type buildings, and eleven thermal stratification studies from the literature. A few applications were demonstrated including quantitative characterization of thermal stratification; estimation of mean and spatial temperature uniformities and other key parameters. The dimensionless nature of the methodology may also be potentially applied to other indoor stratification phenomena.