铭琪加特纳维尔癌症关顾中心

正铭琪癌症关顾中心旨在为癌症患者以及他们的家人和朋友提供实际上和情绪上的支援服务。自1996年第一所铭琪中心在爱丁堡成立以来,铭琪癌症关顾中心基金会的规模日益扩展,并透过委托世界知名的建筑师发展一系列开创先河的建筑。不论是刻意还是偶然的,当代建筑有时难免会产生冷漠或拒人于千里之外的观感,但每一所铭琪中心——在格拉斯哥、伦敦抑或香港——都希望营造令人宾至如归的感觉,     

Learning and clustering of fuzzy cognitive maps for travel behaviour analysis

In modern society, more and more attention is given to the increase in public transportation or bike use. In this regard, one of the most important issues is to find and analyse the factors influencing car dependency and the attitudes of people in terms of preferred transport mode. Although the individuals’ transport behavioural modelling is a complex task, it has a notable social and economic impact. Thus, in this paper, fuzzy cognitive maps are explored to represent the behaviour and operation of such complex systems. This soft-computing technique allows modelling how the travellers make decisions based on their knowledge of different transport modes properties at different levels of abstraction. These levels correspond to the hierarchy perception including different scenarios of travelling, different benefits of choosing a specific travel mode, and different situations and attributes related to those benefits. We use learning and clustering of fuzzy cognitive maps to describe travellers’ behaviour and change trends in different abstraction levels. Cluster estimations are done before and after the learning of the maps, in order to compare people’s way of thinking if only considering an initial view of a transport mode decision for a daily activity, and when they really have a deeper reasoning process in view of benefits and consequences. The results of this study will help transportation policy decision makers in better understanding of people’s needs and consequently will help them actualizing different policy formulations and implementations.     

Cancellativity properties for t-norms and t-subnorms

On the one hand, cancellativity properties are mainly used to express to which extend the partial functions of a t-subnorm T are injective. On the other hand, the zooms of T corresponding to its non-trivial Archimedean components are t-subnorms that largely determine T. Fixing one out of four basic types of cancellativity (cancellativity, conditional cancellativity, weak cancellativity and weak conditional cancellativity) we figure out which less restrictive type of cancellativity expresses that all maximal Archimedean zooms of T satisfy the given cancellativity property. We lay bare the mutual relationships between all these types of cancellativity and solve an open problem posed by Klement et al.     

Substrate Activity Screening (SAS) and Related Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry

Substrate activity screening (SAS) was presented a decade ago by Ellman and co‐workers as a straightforward methodology for the identification of fragment‐sized building blocks for enzyme inhibitors. Ever since, SAS and variations derived from it have been successfully applied to the discovery of inhibitors of various families of enzymatically active drug targets. This review covers key achievements and challenges of SAS and related methodologies, including the modified substrate activity screening (MSAS) approach. Special attention is given to the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of these methodologies, as a thorough understanding thereof is crucial for successfully transforming the identified fragment‐sized hits into potent inhibitors.     

Thiol Redox and pKa Properties of Mycothiol,the Predominant Low‐Molecular‐Weight Thiol Cofactor in the Actinomycetes

The thiol pK_a and standard redox potential of mycothiol, the major low‐molecular‐weight thiol cofactor in the actinomycetes, are reported. The measured standard redox potential reveals substantial discrepancies in one or more of the other previously measured intracellular parameters that are relevant to mycothiol redox biochemistry.     

Effect of viscosities of dispersed and continuous phases in microchannel oil-in-water emulsification

Although many aspects of microchannel emulsification have been covered in literature, one major uncharted area is the effect of viscosity of both phases on droplet size in the stable droplet generation regime. It is expected that for droplet formation to take place, the inflow of the continuous phase should be sufficiently fast compared to the outflow of the liquid that is forming the droplet. The ratio of the viscosities was therefore varied by using a range of continuous and dispersed phases, both experimentally and computationally. At high viscosity ratio (η _d/η _c), the droplet size is constant; the inflow of the continuous phase is fast compared to the outflow of the dispersed phase. At lower ratios, the droplet diameter increases, until a viscosity ratio is reached at which droplet formation is no longer possible (the minimal ratio). This was confirmed and elucidated through CFD simulations. The limiting value is shown to be a function of the microchannel design, and this should be adapted to the viscosity of the two fluids that need to be emulsified.     

Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters.

The present research complements extant variable-centered research that focused on the dimensions of autonomous and controlled motivation through adoption of a person-centered approach for identifying motivational profiles. Both in high school students (Study 1) and college students (Study 2), a cluster analysis revealed 4 motivational profiles: a good quality motivation group (i.e., high autonomous, low controlled); a poor quality motivation group (i.e., low autonomous, high controlled); a low quantity motivation group (i.e., low autonomous, low controlled); and a high quantity motivation group (i.e., high autonomous, high controlled). To compare the 4 groups, the authors derived predictions from qualitative and quantitative perspectives on motivation. Findings generally favored the qualitative perspective; compared with the other groups, the good quality motivation group displayed the most optimal learning pattern and scored highest on perceived need-supportive teaching. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Natural ventilation in practice: linking facade design,thermal performance,occupant perception and control

The action of opening a window is the most intuitive and simple response to controlling overheating in a room. However, it relies on the vagaries of occupant interaction to exploit the passive design potential and achieve comfortable results. An understanding of occupant behaviour is thus of significance in the design and evaluation of naturally ventilated buildings. This paper demonstrates the link between facade design, thermal performance, occupant perception, and window use in naturally ventilated offices in summer, based on a pilot study monitoring offices in Cambridge, UK. Survey results indicate that facade design has a large impact on the occupants' perceived control over and satisfaction with their environments. The research reveals that there is a close connection between perceived control and actual control (with respect to window use), and that occupants with a high level of perceived control more frequently use their windows than others with a low level of perceived control. Positive feedback loops between occupant action and effect reinforce appropriate behaviour and the paper shows that it is possible to derive statistically significant behavioural models to predict window use for different facade conditions.

L'action d'ouvrir une fenêtre est la réponse la plus intuitive et la plus simple au problème du contrôle de la surchauffe d'une pièce. Néanmoins, elle est soumise aux caprices des interactions des occupants pour que soit exploité le potentiel de la conception passive et qu'il en résulte une température agréable. Comprendre le comportement des occupants n'est donc pas sans importance pour la conception et l'évaluation des bâtiments à ventilation naturelle. Cet article démontre le lien existant entre la conception des façades, les performances thermiques, la perception des occupants et l'utilisation des fenêtres dans les bureaux à ventilation naturelle en été, sur la base d'une étude pilote de suivi de bureaux à Cambridge, au Royaume-Uni. Les résultats de cette enquête indiquent que la conception des façades a une incidence importante sur le contrôle perçu de leur environnement par les occupants et sur leur satisfaction à l'égard de ce dernier. L'étude révèle qu'il existe un lien étroit entre contrôle perçu et contrôle réel (par rapport à l'utilisation des fenêtres) et que les occupants qui ont un niveau élevé de contrôle perçu utilisent plus fréquemment leurs fenêtres que ceux qui ont un faible niveau de contrôle perçu. Les boucles de feedback positif entre les actions des occupants et leurs effets renforcent le comportement adapté et l'article montre qu'il est possible d'en retirer des modèles comportementaux statistiquement significatifs permettant de prédire l'utilisation des fenêtres en fonction de l'état des façades.

Mots clés: comportement adaptatif, performances des bâtiments, conception des façades, ventilation naturelle, ventilation nocturne, comportement des occupants, perception des occupants, contrôle des fenêtres, Royaume-Uni