Stagnation point flow of Maxwell nanofluid containing gyrotactic micro‐organism impinging obliquely on a convective surface

A numerical study is performed to discuss the nonaligned stagnation of a rate type fluid over a convective surface. The rheology of the fluid is presented by the constitutive equation of the Maxwell fluid model. Buongiorno's model is used to elaborate on the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis and motile microorganisms are introduced for the stability of the nanoparticles. The governing equations were solved by the implicit finite difference method. Graphical illustrations for velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and motile microorganism profiles for various involved parameters are presented for both convective and nonconvective surfaces. It is depicted that the temperature, nanoparticle, and microorganism concentration profiles decease while both axial and tangential velocities increase with the velocity ratio parameter for both Newtonian and Maxwellian fluids. The magnitude of temperature, nanoparticle, and microorganism concentration profiles is large for the nonconvective surface as compared to the convective surface. The Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and motile organism number decrease as we move from Newtonian fluid to non‐Newtonian fluid. Furthermore, the increase in the Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter decreases the density of the motile organism over the convective as well as nonconvective surface.     

Stretchable strain sensors based on polyaniline/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

Polymer Bulletin - Thermoplastic polyurethane/polyaniline-based stretchable strain sensors were prepared via in situ polymerization of aniline in the TPU solution in the form of thin films. The...     

A ballon model analysis with Cu-blood medicated nanoparticles as drug agent through overlapped curved stenotic artery having compliant walls

In this speculative study, main focus is to examine the Cu-blood medicated application in a curved artery with overlapping stenosis. This analysis investigate the combined impact of variable and constant Cu-blood transportation with shape factor. The walls of the stenotic artery are considered to be compliant in nature. Flow of blood in a curved stenotic artery having balloon is analyzed mathematically by taking its behavior as viscous fluid. The mild stenosis approximation is used for the dimensionless terms of velocity, temperature and stress on wall of curved stenotic artery. The copper nanoparticles are used as drug agent. At the end, the comparison of curvature and non-curavture artery shows that the curved artery minimized the stress in the presence of copper as drug agent. Moreover, the use of platelets nanoparticles is more appropriate to reduce hemodynamics effects of curved catheterized artery in comparison to cylinders and bricked shape nanoparticles. Therefore, the use of Cu-blood as drug agent finds valuable application in bio-inspired field.

     

Co‐encapsulating CoFe2 O4 and MTX for hyperthermia

Magnetic manotheranostics can be a fascinating charm to diagnose a tumour with MRI, and treatment through hyperthermia. This study aims to synthesise and characterise magnetically responsive polymer colloids (MRPCs). Healthy tissue damage done by chemotherapy session could be minimised by MRPCs. For the colloidal formulation of MRPCs, the oil in water emulsion technique was employed with the aid of sonication and stirring. The organic phase of emulsion contained methotrexate (MTX) drug, Eudragit E100 and CoFe₂ O₄ (synthesised by co‐precipitation) in ethanol, and the aqueous phase contained tween 80 in deionised water. The emulsion was optimised by studying/adjusting two different parameters, i.e. the concentration of constituents and sonication cycles. Multiple formulations were produced at sonication amplitude of 60% at 20 kHz, followed by centrifugation and lyophilisation. Characterisation of MRPCs was done for morphology, size measurement (23–25 nm), surface charge (∼15.12), coercivity (∼1549.6 G), magnetisation (2.6 emu) and retentivity (1.34 emu). Drug release in simulating physiological environment (pH = 7.4), was observed for up to 48 h, and, to determine the best release kinetic mechanism results were compared with kinetic models. Magnetic hyperthermia studies showed that MRPCs achieved an acceptable temperature of 42°C, for hyperthermia treatments in cancer patients.Inspec keywords: biomedical materials, colloids, cancer, encapsulation, pH, polymers, hyperthermia, drugs, drug delivery systems, precipitation (physical chemistry), emulsions, tumours, materials preparation, coercive forceOther keywords: magnetic manotheranostics, magnetically responsive polymer colloids, healthy tissue damage, chemotherapy session, colloidal formulation, organic phase, aqueous phase, deionised water, sonication cycles, multiple formulations, sonication amplitude, size measurement, hyperthermia treatments, coencapsulation, MTX, oil‐in‐water emulsion technique, methotrexate drug, magnetic hyperthermia, tumour diagnosis, MRI, Eudragit E100, coprecipitation, ethanol, centrifugation, lyophilisation, surface charge, coercivity, magnetisation, retentivity, drug release, simulating physiological environment, pH, release kinetic mechanism, cancer patients, size 23.0 nm to 25.0 nm, frequency 20.0 kHz, CoFe₂ O₄      

Non-Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis: Approaches to Exploring the Translational Potential of New Therapies

Cardiovascular disease is the largest single cause of disease-related mortality worldwide and the major underlying pathology is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis develops as a complex process of vascular lipid deposition and retention by modified proteoglycans, endothelial dysfunction and unresolved chronic inflammation. There are a multitude of current therapeutic agents, most based on lowering plasma lipid levels, but, overall, they have a lower than optimum level of efficacy and many deaths continue to arise from cardiovascular disease world-wide. To identify and evaluate potential novel cardiovascular drugs, suitable animal models that reproduce human atherosclerosis with a high degree of fidelity are required as essential pre-clinical research tools. Commonly used animal models of atherosclerosis include mice (ApoE^−/−, LDLR^−/− mice and others), rabbits (WHHL rabbits and others), rats, pigs, hamster, zebrafish and non-human primates. Models based on various wild-type and genetically modified mice have been extensively reviewed but mice may not always be appropriate. Thus, here, we provide an overview of the advantages and shortcomings of various non-mouse animal models of atherosclerotic plaque formation, and plaque rupture, as well as commonly used interventional strategies. Taken together, the combinatorial selection of suitable animal models readily facilitates reproducible and rigorous translational research in discovering and validating novel anti-atherosclerotic drugs.     

Performance analysis of a random ARQ initialized cooperative communication protocol in shadowed Nakagami-m wireless channel

In this paper, we develop and analyze an energy efficient ARQ (automatic repeat request) initialized transmit diversity protocol for cooperative communications. Medium access control (MAC) layer packet retransmission limit (similar to aShortRetryLimit or aLongRetryLimit [802.11-1997]) has been used as an actuator for transmit cooperative diversity initialization. We take the channel state information (CSI) as a function of retransmission tries and the number of retransmission tries is modeled as a random va...     

(Sr1-xCax)2TiO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with R-P structure (x = 0~0.15)

(Sr_1-xCa_x)₂TiO₄ ceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) were synthesized by a standard solid state reaction route. Tetragonal Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) solid solutions (Sr_1-xCa_x)₂TiO₄ with space group I4/mmm were obtained in the composition range of x = 0~0.15, while Sr₃Ti₂O₇ has been observed as secondary phase in x ≤ 0.10. In the present ceramics, both the dielectric constant ɛ_r and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τ_f decreased at first and turned to increase again with increasing x, while the quality factor Qf decreased slightly at first and turned to decrease sharply after x = 0.1. The improved microwave dielectric properties with the best combination were obtained in (Sr_1-xCa_x)₂TiO₄ ceramics at x = 0.075: ɛ_r = 39.3, Qf = 93 550 GHz, τ_f = 119 ppm/°C The obvious improvement was achieved in temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (from 140 to 119 ppm/°C) with Ca²⁺-substitution for Sr²⁺ in Sr₂TiO₄ ceramics due to the increased B-site bond valance.