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Kenton O’Hara Gerardo Gonzalez Graeme Penney Abigail Sellen Robert Corish Helena Mentis Andreas Varnavas Antonio Criminisi Mark Rouncefield Neville Dastur Tom Carrell 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2014,23(3):299-337
While surgical practices are increasingly reliant on a range of digital imaging technologies, the ability for clinicians to interact and manipulate these digital representations in the operating theatre using traditional touch based interaction devices is constrained by the need to maintain sterility. To overcome these concerns with sterility, a number of researchers are have been developing ways of enabling interaction in the operating theatre using touchless interaction techniques such as gesture and voice to allow clinicians control of the systems. While there have been important technical strides in the area, there has been little in the way of understanding the use of these touchless systems in practice. With this in mind we present a touchless system developed for use during vascular surgery. We deployed the system in the endovascular suite of a large hospital for use in the context of real procedures. We present findings from a study of the system in use focusing on how, with touchless interaction, the visual resources were embedded and made meaningful in the collaborative practices of surgery. In particular we discuss the importance of direct and dynamic control of the images by the clinicians in the context of talk and in the context of other artefact use as well as the work performed by members of the clinical team to make themselves sensable by the system. We discuss the broader implications of these findings for how we think about the design, evaluation and use of these systems. 相似文献
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Oligoesters present in poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers are commonly extracted from the fiber during processing, such as aqueous‐based dyeing. Aqueous, insoluble oligoesters, particularly cyclic trimers that precipitate on processing machinery and on the fiber surface are difficult to remove under benign conditions. Reported is a new method for the efficient removal of cyclic trimer by enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis. Almost complete hydrolysis of trimer was accomplished at pH 8 and 60°C. Effects of time, agitation, surfactant, and enzyme and trimer concentrations on the efficiency of hydrolysis are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2545–2552, 2003 相似文献
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In this work, a review and comprehensive evaluation of heuristics and metaheuristics for the m-machine flowshop scheduling problem with the objective of minimising total tardiness is presented. Published reviews about this objective usually deal with a single machine or parallel machines and no recent methods are compared. Moreover, the existing reviews do not use the same benchmark of instances and the results are difficult to reproduce and generalise. We have implemented a total of 40 different heuristics and metaheuristics and we have analysed their performance under the same benchmark of instances in order to make a global and fair comparison. In this comparison, we study from the classical priority rules to the most recent tabu search, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. In the evaluations we use the experimental design approach and careful statistical analyses to validate the effectiveness of the different methods tested. The results allow us to clearly identify the state-of-the-art methods. 相似文献
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Engineering linear F(ab')2 fragments for efficient production in Escherichia coli and enhanced antiproliferative activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zapata Gerardo; Ridgway John B. B.; Mordenti Joyce; Osaka Gary; Wong Wai Lee T.; Bennett Gregory L.; Carter Paul 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1995,8(10):1057-1062
We developed a novel bivalent antibody fragment, the linear(L-) F(ab')2, comprising tandem repeats of a heavy chain fragmentVHCH1VHCH1 cosecreted with a light chain.Functional humanized L-F(ab')2 directed against p185HER2 wassecreted from Escherichia coli at high titer (100 mg/l) andpurified to homogeneity. The L-F(ab')2 binds two equivalentsof antigen with an apparent affinity (Kd = 0.46 nM) that iswithin 3-fold of the corresponding thioether-linked F(ab')2fragment The N-terminal site binds antigen with an affinity(Kd = 1.2 nM) that is 4-fold greater than that for the C-terminalsite, as shown by the comparison of L-F(ab')2 variants containinga single functional binding site. L-F(ab')2 has greater antiproliferativeactivity than the thioether-linked F(ab')2 against the p185HER2-overexpressingtumor cell line BT474. Linear and thioether-linked F(ab')2 havevery similar pharmacokinetic properties in normal mice, andtheir serum permanence times are respectively 7- and 8-foldlonger than the corresponding Fab fragment L-F(ab')2 offersa facile route to bivalent antibody fragments that are potentiallysuitable for clinical applications, and that may have improvedbiological activity compared with thioether-linked F(ab')2 fragments. 相似文献
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This paper presents a novel learning methodology based on a hybrid algorithm for interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems. Since only the back-propagation method has been proposed in the literature for the tuning of both the antecedent and the consequent parameters of type-2 fuzzy logic systems, a hybrid learning algorithm has been developed. The hybrid method uses a recursive orthogonal least-squares method for tuning the consequent parameters and the back-propagation method for tuning the antecedent parameters. Systems were tested for three types of inputs: (a) interval singleton, (b) interval type-1 non-singleton, and (c) interval type-2 non-singleton. Experiments were carried out on the application of hybrid interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems for prediction of the scale breaker entry temperature in a real hot strip mill for three different types of coil. The results proved the feasibility of the systems developed here for scale breaker entry temperature prediction. Comparison with type-1 fuzzy logic systems shows that hybrid learning interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems provide improved performance under the conditions tested. 相似文献