Experimental investigation of EOR using low-salinity water and nanoparticles in one of southern oil fields in Iran

The increasing demand for hydrocarbons has led to a hope of developing more efficient recovery techniques such as nanotechnology and low-salinity water (LSW). In this study, interfacial tension (IFT) reduction was proposed as an important enhanced oil recovery mechanism of nanofluid injection, so IFT measurement between crude oil and nanofluid was performed by using pendant drop method. Introducing silica hydrophilic nanoparticles into the brine-oil system was observed to generate lower IFT and had the potential to produce more oil. Therefore, for LSW injection method, the effects of three different ions and total dissolved solid are investigated. In order to investigate the recovery mechanisms of nanofluids, IFT and contact angle have been measured. The experimental results indicate that the nanofluids can reduce the IFT and make the rock surface more water wet.     

Effects of Zr additions on structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti (wt.%) alloy

The effects of different Zr additions(0.05wt.%-0.5wt.%)on the structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti(wt.%)alloy solidified under a high cooling rate(18℃·s^-1),in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions were studied.The as-cast structure of the alloy consists of equiaxed grains ofα-Al with an average size of 64μm which is unaffected by the Zr additions,indicating the ineffectiveness of Zr in the grain refinement of the alloy.Scanning electron microscopy,along with X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of elongatedθ-Al2Cu at the grain boundaries;in addition,coarse Al3Zr particles exist in the intergranular regions of the 0.5wt.%Zr-containing alloy.After the T6 heat treatment,the elongatedθparticles were fragmented;however,the coarse Al3Zr particles remained unchanged in the microstructure.Also,the formation of fineβ’-Al3Zr andθ’’-Al3Cu/θ’-Al2Cu phases during T6 heat treatment was revealed by transmission electron microscopy.The results of the tensile tests showed that the Zr additions increase the strength of the alloy in both as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions,but reduce its elongation,especially with 0.5wt.%Zr addition.The 0.3wt.%Zr-added alloy in the T6 heat-treated condition has the highest quality index value(249 MPa).Fractography of the fracture surfaces of the alloys revealed ductile fracture mode including dimples and cracked intermetallic phases in both conditions.     

深海浮力材料的研制

以环氧树脂为基体,选用低分子聚酰胺树脂为固化剂,液体聚硫橡胶为增韧剂,并填充经表面活化处理的空心玻璃微珠,制得高强度、低密度、低吸水率的深海浮力材料。结果表明,随着空心玻璃微珠用量的增加,深海浮力材料的密度、压缩强度和冲击强度均逐渐降低,而吸水率上升。当固化剂TY–203的质量分数为环氧树脂的1/2、增韧剂液体聚硫橡胶的质量分数为10%、改性空心玻璃微珠的质量分数为35%时,制得深海浮力材料的综合性能较好,密度为0.633 g/cm3、压缩强度为45.21 MPa、冲击强度为36.39 J/m、吸水率为0.67%。     

Numerical simulation of non-rigid landslide into reservoir with erodible sediment bed using SPH method

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Landslide phenomenon in accumulated erodible bed sediments in a reservoir is one of the issues in hydraulic and sedimentation sciences that has...     

On‐Chip Fabrication of Paclitaxel‐Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapeutics

The use of solvent‐free microfluidics to fine‐tune the physical and chemical properties of chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery is demonstrated. Nanoparticle self‐assembly is driven by pH changes in a water environment, which increases biocompatibility by avoiding organic solvent contamination common with traditional techniques. Controlling the time of mixing (2.5–75 ms) during nanoparticle self‐assembly enables us to adjust nanoparticle size and surface potential in order to maximize cellular uptake, which in turn dramatically increases drug effectiveness. The compact nanostructure of these nanoparticles preserves drug potency better than previous nanoparticles, and is more stable during long‐term circulation at physiological pH. However, when the nanoparticles encounter a tumor cell and the associated drop in pH, the drug contents are released. Moreover, the loading efficiency of hydrophobic drugs into the nanoparticles increases significantly from previous work to over 95%. The microfluidic techniques used here have applications not just for drug‐carrying nanoparticle fabrication, but also for the better control of virtually any self‐assembly process.     

Marketed Vitamin B-Complex Injectables: Stability and Mutual Interaction

The Vitamin B-complex injectables in the Bangladesh drug market have been studied for the sability and mutual interactions of the active ingredients. It was found that the preparation without nicotinamide in the formulation has more stability than that of the preparation having nicotinamide. The presence of nicotinamide in a formulation containing four B-vitamins causes the degradation of thiamine to a sub-standard level within one year of the 2 year's shelf-life.