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981.
Dongho Seo Sangsun Park Yukwon Jeon Sung-Won Choi Yong-Gun Shul 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2010,27(1):104-109
The durability of PEMFCs is one of the most important issues for application in automotive vehicles with a repeated start-up
and shut-down system. The understanding of degradation phenomena such as causes, mechanisms and influence of working condition
is essential to improving the performance and lifetime of PEMFC. We conducted on/off cyclic operation in a single cell configuration
with ultra purity nitrogen gas to investigate the physical degradation of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). After on/off
cycle operation for 100,000 cycles under different humid condition, the characteristics of the MEAs were examined by in situ
and ex situ analyses techniques. The physical degradation of MEA by on/off cycling led to a change in the membrane-electrode
interfacial structure, which is mainly attributed to the loss of cell performance. 相似文献
982.
Hyeim Jo Jihye Park Miji Choi Satyasheel Sharma Mijin Jeon Neeraj Kumar Mishra Taejoo Jeong Sangil Han In Su Kim 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2016,358(17):2714-2720
The ruthenium(II)‐ or rhodium(III)‐catalyzed pyrimidinyl‐directed Grignard‐type C−H additions of N‐heterocycles with activated aldehydes and ketones are described. A cationic ruthenium catalyst and sodium acetate additive in dichloroethane as solvent were found to be optimal catalytic system for the construction of C‐7 alkylated indolines. In sharp contrast, a cationic rhodium complex allows the generation of C‐2 alkylated indoles and pyrroles as well as C‐1 alkylated carbazoles. The site‐selective C−H functionalization of these heterocyclic scaffolds could be an important asset towards the development of novel bioactive compounds.
983.
Jong-Yoon Ha Ji-Won Choi Chong-Yun Kang Doo Jin Choi Hyun-Jai Kim Seok-Jin Yoon 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2005,90(2-3):396-400
The microstructure and piezoelectric properties of the 0.01Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3–0.41Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3–0.23PbZrO3 + 0.1 and 0.3 wt.% Y2O3 + x ZnO ceramics were investigated. The crystal structure changed from psudocubic to tetragonal when ZnO added. The average grain size increased from 4 μm to 8 μm with the addition of ZnO by oxygen diffusion, even if the growth rate was low. When ZnO added until 0.5 wt.%, the , kp and d33 values of specimens were slightly increased regardless Y2O3 contents. The curie point of PMW–PNN–PT–PZ ceramics were increased from 162 °C to 232 °C, as increasing the ZnO contents. When ZnO added, the kp of specimens slightly was increased regardless Y2O3 contents. The mechanical quality factors were abruptly decreased regardless Y2O3 contents, when ZnO added until 0.75 wt.%. The optimized piezoelectric properties were obtained; d33 = 730 (pC/N), kp = 60, Qm = 50, and = 4750, when PMW–PNN–PT–PZ + 0.3 wt.% Y2O3 + 0.5 wt.% ZnO sintered at 1200 °C for 1 h. 相似文献
984.
985.
Low trihalomethane formation in Korean drinking water 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Organics in water have the potential to generate harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) during the chlorination process. To clarify the regulatory implications of Korean THMs levels which appear to be significantly lower than those in the US where the Stage 1 and 2 D/DBPs rule has been promulgated, the characteristics of THMs formation were investigated on five major river waters in Korea. Water samples were taken from 12 water treatment plants on five major rivers that serve as drinking water sources for more than 90% of the Korean population. Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), total organic halide formation potential (TOXFP) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV(254)) were determined and compared with those from US data. A survey of existing data [J Korean Soc Water Qual; 16(4) 2000b 431-443] provided evidence that THMs levels in treated drinking water in Korea were one-third of those reported in the US. The lower THMs levels were mainly attributable to the differences in the level and THMFP of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The DOC levels and the THMFP normalized to DOC were approximately 60% of those in the US. Results which combined could quantitatively account for the lower THMs levels (i.e. 0.6 x 0.6 approximately 1/3) in Korea. The observed Korean THMs levels were over-predicted by the THMs model () developed in the US. The level of THMFP was found to be similar if normalized for aromaticity as measured by UV(254). These findings suggest that: (i) the case for more stringent THMs control is not likely to be a high priority among issues of drinking water quality in Korea; and (ii) significant variation of THMFP level may exist over different geographic regions; hence (iii) independent THMs models should be developed to make accurate predictions for different regions. 相似文献
986.
Inyu Park Jeongin Kim Jinyi Choi Hunhyeong Lee Jonghun Park Dongwook Shin 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2013
Nano-sized BaCe0.8Sm0.2O3−δ and Cu-doped BaCe0.8Sm0.2O3−δ proton conducting electrolyte powders are synthesized by citric-nitrate method, and then the powder properties are investigated. The synthesized BaCe0.8Sm0.2O3−δ powder acquires pure perovskite structure after heat treatment above 1100 °C, while impurity phases such as BaCO3 and Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ are formed below 1100 °C. The BaCe0.8Sm0.2O3−δ and Cu-doped BaCe0.8Sm0.2O3−δ showed similar powder characteristics, except the shrinkage rate. The sintering temperature for densification of the synthesized BCS are significantly reduced as much as ∼300 °C by small amount of Cu. Compared to drastic reduction in sintering temperature, the total conductivity and the activation energy of Cu doped BCS turn out to deviate negligibly from those of pure BCS. 相似文献
987.
A femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is one complication of vascular intervention, and the incidence is increasing. Early management is then needed to avoid potential dangers from it. It differs from a true aneurysm in that it doesn't include any component of the vascular wall, and is not studied as much as a true aneurysm. Here, a model of a femoral pseudoaneurysm was made and a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation was verified with PIV experiment. Afterwards, a CFD simulation with two different models was performed to look for any findings which may help in developing new treatment methods. 相似文献
988.
The rich‐hydrogen generation from ethanol steam reforming over NiZr, which is used as an anode material in solid oxide fuel cells, ‐loaded MCM‐48 (NiZr/MCM‐48) catalyst was investigated in this study. We used an impregnation approach to synthesize an MCM‐48 (70.0 wt‐%) support loaded with bimetallic NiZr (30.0‐wt%, Ni:Zr atomic ratio = 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4), and the prepared catalysts were applied to the steam‐reforming reactions of ethanol. These three bimetallic NiZr/MCM‐48 catalysts exhibited significantly higher reforming reactivity than the mono‐metal, Ni‐loaded MCM‐48 (Ni/MCM‐48) catalyst. The hydrogen production was started from 350°C over the three NiZr/MCM‐48 catalysts, compared to above 550°C over the Ni/MCM‐48 catalyst. The catalytic performance was affected by the Zr content. The H2 production and ethanol conversion were maximized at 85% and 95%, respectively, over Ni4Zr6/MCM‐48 at 750°C for 1 h at CH3CH2OH:H2O = 1:1 and a gas hourly space velocity of 4000 h‐1. This high performance was maintained for up to 60 h. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
989.
Label‐free monitoring of inflammatory tissue conditions using a carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat model 下载免费PDF全文
Seung Ho Lee Sang Hwa Lee Jae‐Ho Shin Samjin Choi 《Microscopy research and technique》2018,81(6):544-550
Although the confirmation of inflammatory changes within tissues at the onset of various diseases is critical for the early detection of disease and selection of appropriate treatment, most therapies are based on complex and time‐consuming diagnostic procedures. Raman spectroscopy has the ability to provide non‐invasive, real‐time, chemical bonding analysis through the inelastic scattering of photons. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a new, easy, fast, and accurate diagnostic method to support diagnostic decisions. The molecular changes in carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat tissues were assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Volumes of 0 (control), 100, 150, and 200 µL of 1% carrageenan were administered to rat hind paws to control the degree of inflammation. The prominent peaks at [1,062, 1,131] cm?1 and [2,847, 2,881] cm?1 were selected as characteristic measurements corresponding to the C–C stretching vibrational modes and the symmetric and asymmetric C–H (CH2) stretching vibrational modes, respectively. Principal component analysis of the inflammatory Raman spectra enabled graphical representation of the degree of inflammation through principal component loading profiles of inflammatory tissues on a two‐dimensional plot. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis represents a promising method for detecting biomolecular responses based on different types of inflammatory tissues. 相似文献
990.
Mendel Friedman Carol E. Levin Suk-Hyun Choi Seung-Un Lee Nobuyuki Kozukue 《Journal of food science》2009,74(5):C406-C412
ABSTRACT: To develop a better understanding of compositional changes occurring during the production of commercial teas, we determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) changes in ingredient levels during each of several manufacturing steps used to produce Kamairi-cha, a premium green tea. Kamairi-cha uses pan-frying instead of the usual blanching technique to inactivate the enzymes responsible for producing traditional black tea. The resulting tea lacks the characteristic bitterness of green tea, producing a green tea that is described as sweet tasting. The processing steps used to produce this pan-fried tea were as follows: 1st roasting, 1st rolling, 2nd roasting, 2nd rolling, 1st firing, and 2nd firing. The results show that during production at temperatures up to 300 °C, raw leaves lost (in percent) 97.3 water, 94 two chlorophylls, 14.3 seven catechins, and 2.75 caffeine. A separate analysis showed that the final product contained 21.67 mg/g dry wt of the biologically active amino acid theanine. The results of this 1st report on changes in individual catechins and other tea ingredients in tea leaves during pan-frying make it possible to select production conditions that maximize levels of beneficial tea ingredients. The possible significance of the results for the human diet is discussed. 相似文献