Deep Anomaly Detection on Tennessee Eastman Process Data

This paper provides the first comprehensive evaluation and analysis of modern (deep-learning-based) unsupervised anomaly detection methods for chemical process data. We focus on the Tennessee Eastman process dataset, a standard litmus test to benchmark anomaly detection methods for nearly three decades. Our extensive study will facilitate choosing appropriate anomaly detection methods in industrial applications. From the benchmark, we conclude that reconstruction-based methods are the methods of choice, followed by generative and forecasting-based methods.     

Influence of Preparation Conditions of Alumina‐Based Refractory on the Morphological Parameters of Surface Defects

The surface defects on alumina‐based refractory arising from thermal shock were studied using image analysis and statistical tools. Alumina‐based refractory specimens were prepared by adding a different amount of fibers into their original composition and compacted on different pressures. Obtained specimens were subjected to thermal shock, and induced surface defects were characterized by their morphological parameters determined using the image analysis procedure. The influence of preparation conditions on the surface defects morphology was studied using principle component analysis. It was shown that morphological parameters of defects vary corresponding to the composition and preparation conditions of ceramic material.     

Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Acid Orange 7 by TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized onto/into chitosan‐based hydrogel

Photocatalytic degradation of dye C.I. Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution using TiO₂/hydrogel nanocomposite under solar light simulating source was studied. Hydrogel based on chitosan, itaconic and methacrylic acid was modified with colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles synthetized by acidic hydrolysis of TiCl₄ and commercial Degussa P25 TiO₂ nanoparticles. SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles onto/into hydrogel. It was found that both types of photocatalysts efficiently removed the dye from solution, but sorption rates and photodegradation efficiency were higher in the case of colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles. They ensured complete discoloration of dye solution. The efficiency of the reused TiO₂/hydrogel nanocomposite showed that photodegradation activity was maintained at satisfactory level after three repeated cycles of illumination. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:806–815, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Platinum-free counter electrodes of plasma-modified hybrid nanomaterials for dye-sensitised solar cells

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂) nanotube and tungsten oxide (W₁₈O₄₉) nanowire were coated with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) by a radio frequency (RF: 13.56?MHz)-rotating plasma-modification method as alternative counter electrodes for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). Surface analysis showed the homogenous plasma nanocoating of inorganic nanostructures by P3HT and PEDOT. It was demonstrated that the plasma-modified hybrid platinum-free counter electrodes increased the efficiencies of the DSSCs. The DSSCs based on hybrid nanostructure materials showed a short circuit current density of 9.49, 7.95, 2.59 and 2.57?mAcm^?2 for MoS₂/P3HT, MoS₂/PEDOT, W₁₈O₄₉/PEDOT and W₁₈O₄₉/P3HT samples, respectively. The plasma nanocoating with the nanostructured materials approach for obtaining hybrid counter electrodes in the photovoltaic action shows an alternative route towards cost-effective, green energy conversion.     

Armed to the Teeth—The Oral Mucosa Immunity System and Microbiota

The oral cavity is inhabited by a wide spectrum of microbial species, and their colonization is mostly based on commensalism. These microbes are part of the normal oral flora, but there are also opportunistic species that can cause oral and systemic diseases. Although there is a strong exposure to various microorganisms, the oral mucosa reduces the colonization of microorganisms with high rotation and secretion of various types of cytokines and antimicrobial proteins such as defensins. In some circumstances, the imbalance between normal oral flora and pathogenic flora may lead to a change in the ratio of commensalism to parasitism. Healthy oral mucosa has many important functions. Thanks to its integrity, it is impermeable to most microorganisms and constitutes a mechanical barrier against their penetration into tissues. Our study aims to present the role and composition of the oral cavity microbiota as well as defense mechanisms within the oral mucosa which allow for maintaining a balance between such numerous species of microorganisms. We highlight the specific aspects of the oral mucosa protecting barrier and discuss up-to-date information on the immune cell system that ensures microbiota balance. This study presents the latest data on specific tissue stimuli in the regulation of the immune system with particular emphasis on the resistance of the gingival barrier. Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating the balance on the microorganism/host axis, more research is still needed on how the combination of these diverse signals is involved in the regulation of immunity at the oral mucosa barrier.     

Styrene polymerization with a macroinitiator having siloxane units

Block copolymers containing segments of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and polystyrene were synthesized. Dihydroxy terminated PDMS M_n 2500 g/mol, was reacted with an ali-phatic diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate) and an aliphatic hydroperxide (t-butyl hy-droperoxide). The resulting polymeric peroxycarbamate having siloxane units (a new mac-roinitiator) was used as free radical initiator for vinyl polymerization of styrene. Formation of block copolymers was illustrated by several characterization methods such as chemical and spectroscopic analysis, fractionation, and GPC. Mechanical and thermal characterization of the copolymers were made by stress–strain tests and DSC. The surface properties and the morphology of the block copolymers were investigated by contact angle measurements and SEM. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Electroconductive polymer composite: Fibrous carrier–polypyrrole

Obtaining a “hybrid” electroconductive polymer composite material on the basis of a fibrous carrier and polypyrrole (pPy) was studied. As fibrous carriers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and chemically modified polyacrylonitrile possessing ion-exchange properties were used. FeCl₃, chosen as an initiator for oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py), was introduced in the fibrous matrix by sorption from an aqueous or diethylether solution. The polypyrrole film was deposited onto/in a matrix prepared in this way by polymerization of pyrrole in a vapor phase, from the vacuum, or from a solution of Py in toluene. In some cases, an additional doping of the obtained (electroconductive) pPy film, with iodine vapors in the vacuum, was also applied. An electroconductive composite material, with volume resistivity of about 10 Ω cm, was obtained. The results, related to the different nature of the fibrous carrier and different procedures for the oxidizer introduction or pPy deposition, were discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamides,trimethoprim and dapsone in muscle,egg, milk and honey

A quantitative multi-residue method that includes 13 sulfonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone was developed and validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for muscle, milk egg and honey samples. For all matrices, the same extraction procedure was used. Samples were extracted with an acetone/dichloromethane mixture and cleaned up on aromatic sulfonic acid (SO₃H) SPE cartridges. After elution and concentration steps, analytes were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data were acquired according to the multiple reaction-monitoring approach (MRM) and analytes were quantified both by the isotope dilution and the matrix-matched approaches calculating the response factors for the scanned product ions. The developed method shows good linearity, specificity, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), and trueness. Estimated CCβ for sulfonamides ranged between 5.6 and 8.2 µg kg^?1 for eggs, between 11.1 and 69.9 µg kg^?1 for milk, between 64.7 and 87.9 µg kg^?1 for muscle, and between 2.7 and 5.3 µg kg^?1 for honey. CCβ values for dapsone were 3.1, 0.6, 0.7 and 1.5 µg kg^?1 and for trimethoprim were 3.1, 6.7, 81.7 and 3.0 µg kg^?1 calculated for eggs, milk, muscle and honey, respectively. Recovery for all matrices was in the range from 89.1% and 109.7%. In matrix effect testing, no significant deviations were found between different samples of muscle and milk; however, a matrix effect was observed when testing different types of honey. The validation results demonstrate that the method is suitable for routine veterinary drug analysis and confirmation of suspect samples.