微胶囊双水相提取柑桔精油的工艺优化

为寻找一条适合工业化生产的低成本、低能耗、高效率的柑桔精油提取工艺路线,该文采用微胶囊与双水相联合萃取技术提取柑桔精油。结果表明：通过调整β-环糊精和硫酸钠的浓度比,可有效控制囊化萃取物中柑桔精油的质量。最终由正交试验设计确定出柑桔精油在萃取温度30℃、硫酸钠浓度15%、β-环糊精浓度40%、萃取时间30 min的条件下总收率高达96%以上。     

超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉理化特性的影响

采用超高压技术对太白葛根淀粉进行处理,研究超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉理化特性的影响。试验结果表明,超高压处理对太白葛根淀粉的颗粒大小和形态没有明显影响。超高压处理可使太白葛根淀粉糊的透明度明显增大,淀粉糊的冻融稳定性降低,提高太白葛根淀粉糊黏度对pH值的稳定性,但对其糊化黏度特性的影响不明显。300 MPa高压处理可改善太白葛根淀粉的理化特性。     

河南省小麦根腐线虫病的发生危害及病原鉴定

为明确河南省小麦根腐线虫病的发生危害情况及其病原线虫种类,对14个县(市)45个采样点小麦根腐线虫进行了分离调查,分别通过人工接种测定其致病性和杀线剂处理研究其危害性,并采用形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定其病原。结果显示:小麦根腐线虫在河南省的分布具有一定的区域性,中北部的10个县(市)34个沙质土壤采样点均分离出小麦根腐线虫,而在南部土壤粘重地区的小麦根内和土壤中均没有分离出根腐线虫;15%涕灭威颗粒剂处理土壤后小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和单位面积产量较对照明显上升,产量增加13.6%;该线虫能够侵染小麦,并明显抑制小麦生长;河南省小麦根腐线虫以敏捷短体线虫Pratylenchus agilis为主。     

三种内生真菌与大花蕙兰共生对矿质营养吸收的影响

以从兰科植物出的内生真菌与大花蕙兰接种,均能形成菌根,其中ＧＣ９４１和ＧＣ９４５两种菌只侵染根的表皮细胞,在细胞内呈菌丝结结构,而ＧＣ９３４菌在侵染前期同前两和种真菌,后期菌丝可部分侵染皮层细胞,并呈疏松的分枝状结构。３种内生真菌可使幼苗茎叶干重比增施矿质营养但不接种真菌的处理（ＣＫ２）提高１７３．２％－２５０．１％,并对植株吸收Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ养分有促进作用,其中ＧＣ９４５菌使幼苗吸收Ｎ和Ｋ的量比ＣＫ     

Removal of flowers or inflorescences affects ‘Barnea’ olive fruitlet post-anthesis abscission

A typical olive (Olea europaea L.) inflorescence consists of about 20 flowers. However, in many cultivars, only one fruit develops. This is due to massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets, which occurs during the first month after anthesis. In this study, we used the olive cultivar 'Barnea' to characterize the abscission mechanism and to try to increase fruit set by increasing the number of developed fruit per inflorescence. Removing the lateral flowers 3 weeks before anthesis increased fruit set by more than 50%. Removing all inflorescences but one from a branch increased the number of developed fruits from 0.93 to 2.8 during 2017 and from 0.91 to 3.34 fruits per inflorescence in 2018. Sugar quantification in the pistil revealed that starch level is high on the day of anthesis and low 25 days later in abscised as well as in developed fruit. Soluble carbohydrates are low on the day of anthesis, low in abscised flowers/fruitlets 25 days after anthesis and high in developed fruit. Screening the natural variation found in the Israeli germplasm collection revealed that in most cultivars less than one fruit per inflorescence has developed. However, there are unique cultivars with a higher fruit set.     

槲皮素对苎麻、涤纶的吸附性能初步研究

本文以生物黄酮配基槲皮素为分散染料,对苎麻分别在77℃乙醇染浴中和在93℃水染浴中进行了染色实验,并与合成纤维涤纶进行对比,为苎麻和涤纶用天然染料进行染色的工艺选择提出了初步方案。结果表明槲皮素是一种理想的环保天然分散染料。     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验

采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。     

4种药剂对豇豆根结线虫病的防治效果

为了更好地防治豇豆根结线虫病,对4种杀线虫剂进行了田间防效评价试验。结果表明,供试的4种药剂均对豇豆根结线虫有一定的防效,能控制土壤中２龄幼虫的数量和抑制根结的形成,其中10％噻唑膦颗粒剂对豇豆根结线虫的防效最好,具有低残留、持效期长等优点,可作为防治豇豆根结线虫的首选药剂; 其次为５％阿维菌素颗粒剂。同时供试的4种药剂在试验剂量范围内均对豇豆安全,建议在生产上推广应用10％噻唑膦颗粒剂和５％阿维菌素颗粒剂来防治豇豆根结线虫病。