潘月丽教授治疗儿童难治性肾病综合征经验简介

肾病综合征是儿童时期常见的泌尿系统疾病,主要以"三高一低"为特征.其中,临床上对频繁复发、激素耐药和激素依赖3种情况统称为难治性肾病综合征,目前西医对此仍无特异性疗法,治疗颇为棘手.     

澳大利亚护理硕士专业学位人才培养现状及启示

通过比较我国与澳大利亚护理硕士专业学位研究生人才培养项目在办学规模、师资情况、教育模式、课程设置、临床实践与评估、毕业要求方面的现状,提出了立足我国实际的教学改革建议,为完善具有中国特色的护理硕士专业学位研究生教育培养体系,培养健康中国建设所需要的高级护理人才提供参考。     

Catastrophic Periprosthetic Osteolysis in Total Hip Arthroplasty at 20 Years: A Case Report and Literature Review

BackgroundPeriprosthetic osteolysis is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, most orthopedic surgeons only focus on bone loss and hip reconstruction. Thus, it was required to understand the treatment algorithm for periprosthetic osteolysis integrally.Case PresentationA 52‐year‐old Asian male presented with chronic hip pain. A mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal left thigh at more than 20 years after bilateral THA. Radiographs revealed catastrophic periprosthetic osteolysis, especially on the acetabular side. Large amounts of necrotic tissue and bloody fluids were thoroughly debrided during revision THA. A modular hemipelvic prosthesis was used for revision of the left hip. Four years later, the patient presented with right hip pain, where a mass appeared on the medial side of the proximal right thigh. A primary acetabular implant with augment was used for revision of the right hip. Laboratory evaluation of bloody fluid retrieved from surgery revealed elevated levels of inflammatory markers.ConclusionInflammatory responses to polyethylene wear debris can lead to severe bone resorption and aseptic loosening in the long‐term following THA. Therefore, in spite of revision THA, interrupting the cascade inflammatory might be the treatment principle for periprosthetic osteolysis.     

解毒生肌膏调控GSK-3β/β-catenin减轻炎症反应促糖尿病SD大鼠慢性创面修复的影响

目的 从GSK-3β/β-catenin角度探讨炎症反应对糖尿病SD大鼠慢性创面修复的影响。方法 使用高脂饲料喂养联合腹腔注射链脲霉素（Streptozocin,STZ）及手术制备全层皮肤缺损的方法建立糖尿病SD大鼠创面模型,成模后随机分为模型组（n=15）,磺胺嘧啶银组（n=15）及解毒生肌膏组（n=15）,并设立正常创面组（n=15）。磺胺嘧啶银组创面和解毒生肌膏组创面予以磺胺嘧啶银软膏和解毒生肌膏外敷,每日1次,模型组与正常创面组不予干预。给药后第3天、7天和14天肉眼观察各组大鼠的创面愈合情况,计算创面愈合率;HE观察组织基本形态;Masson检测胶原生成情况;超微电镜观察内质网结构差异;免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（Interleukin-6,IL-6）表达;蛋白质免疫印迹法检测糖原合成酶激酶-3β（glycogen synthase kinase-3β,GSK-3β）蛋白和β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）蛋白表达。结果 给药后3天解毒生肌膏组创面愈合率高于模型组（P<0.05）;给药后14天解毒生肌膏组创面愈合率高于磺胺嘧啶银组（P<0.05）。HE结果 给药后3、7天解毒生肌膏组创面较其他组肿胀程度较小,毛细血管数量丰富;14天,解毒生肌膏组和正常创面组出现皮肤附属器新生,组织结构完整度好。Masson结果 解毒生肌膏组较其他各组胶原纤维分布均匀,排列结构较为整齐,新生胶原纤维更为粗壮,分布均匀,排列整齐。电镜结果：解毒生肌膏组内质网丰富,数量较多,形态结构趋于正常。免疫组织化学法结果：与模型组相比,各组TNF-α、IL-6表达水平明显降低;解毒生肌膏组TNF-α表达水平低于正常创面组;解毒生肌膏组TNF-α、IL-6表达低于磺胺嘧啶银组。Western blot法结果显示：与正常创面组相比,各组β-catenin表达量均上调（P<0.05）,解毒生肌膏组上调表达量最少;与正常创面组相比,各组GSK-3β蛋白表达含量明显下调（P<0.05）;给药后7天,磺胺嘧啶银组和解毒生肌膏组GSK-3β蛋白表达含量上调（P<0.05）,但仍低于正常创面组。结论 解毒生肌膏作用糖尿病大鼠创面修复机制通过调控GSK-3β和β-catenin表达,使炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α表达下调,最终达到糖尿病大鼠慢性创面愈合。     

高嵌体与纤维桩核冠对邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙修复后抗折力影响的实验研究

目的 比较IPSe.max CAD高嵌体和纤维桩核冠对邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙修复后对抗折力的影响。方法 收集2021年9月至2023年7月在郑州大学第一附属医院因正畸而拔除的60颗上颌第一前磨牙,随机将其分为A、B、C 3组(n=20),A组、B组样本牙进行完善的根管治疗后,制备邻牙合面缺损洞型,分别采用不同的修复方法。A组行IPSe.max CAD高嵌体修复;B组行纤维桩核冠修复;C组为对照组,样本牙不作处理。记录各组折断力值、折断模式,并进行比较。结果 A组、B组和C组折裂载荷值分别为(781.25±61.23)N、(712.51±54.36)N和(420.28±41.28)N,3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=262.154,P<0.001),A组的折裂荷载值最高;3组折裂模式均以可修复折裂为主,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 邻牙合面缺损上颌第一前磨牙采用IPSe.max CAD高嵌体修复后具有较好的临床效果,抗折力较高,且折裂模式主要为可修复性折裂。     

Ferric citrate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia and anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BackgroundHyperphosphatemia and anemia, which are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), can independently contribute to cardiovascular events. Several previous studies have found that the iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate (FC), could be beneficial to both hyperphosphatemia and anemia.MethodsRelevant literature from PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT) and MEDLINE databases were searched up to 21 February 2022, in order to conduct a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy, safety and economic benefits of ferric citrate treatment in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. The meta-analysis was conducted independently by two reviewers using the RevMan software (version 5.3).ResultsIn total, this study included 16 randomized clinical trials (RCT) involving 1754 participants. The meta-analysis showed that ferric citrate could significantly reduce the serum phosphorus in CKD patients compared to the placebo control groups (MD −1.76 mg/dL, 95% CI (−2.78, −0.75); p = 0.0007). In contrast, the difference between ferric citrate treatment and active controls, such as non-iron-based phosphate binders, sevelamer, calcium carbonate, lanthanum carbonate and sodium ferrous citrate, was not statistically significant (MD − 0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI (−0.35, 0.17); p = 0.51). However, ferric citrate could effectively improve hemoglobin levels when compared to the active drug (MD 0.43 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.82); p = 0.03) and placebo groups (MD 0.39 g/dL, 95% CI (0.04, 0.73); p = 0.03). According to eight studies, ferric citrate was found to be cost-effective treatment in comparison to control drugs. Most of the adverse events (AE) following ferric citrate treatment were mild at most.ConclusionCollectively, our review suggests that iron-based phosphate binder, ferric citrate is an effective and safe treatment option for CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia and anemia. More importantly, this alternative treatment may also less expensive. Nevertheless, more scientific studies are warranted to validate our findings.