武连仲教授治疗坐骨神经痛经验

全国名中医天津中医药大学第一附属医院针灸科武连仲教授用多年的临床经验总结概括出针刺的理、法、方、穴、术，其创立的"通经止痛"针刺疗法在临床中疗效佳，武老在治疗坐骨神经痛时，取足太阳膀胱经和足少阳胆经具有走窜针感的经穴为主穴，其配伍精确，组方严密，手法独特，可供临床参考。本文将武老运用"痛经止痛"针刺法治疗坐骨神经痛的经验从"理、法、方、穴、术"方面做浅述。     

Glioma-Induced Disruption of Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in the Salience Network

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cognitive challenges are prevalent in survivors of glioma, but their neurobiology is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glioma presence and tumor characteristics on resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of the salience network, a key neural network associated with cognition.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixty-nine patients with glioma (mean age, 48.74 [SD, 14.32] years) who underwent resting-state fMRI were compared with 31 healthy controls (mean age, 49.68 [SD, 15.54] years). We identified 4 salience network ROIs: left/right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left/right anterior insula. Average salience network resting-state functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations within the 4 salience network ROIs were computed.RESULTS:Patients with gliomas showed decreased overall salience network resting-state functional connectivity (P = .001) and increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in all salience network ROIs (P < .01) except in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Compared with controls, patients with left-sided gliomas showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (P = .002) and right anterior insula (P < .001), and patients with right-sided gliomas showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the left anterior insula (P = .002). Anterior tumors were associated with decreased salience network resting-state functional connectivity (P < .001) and increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right anterior insula, left anterior insula, and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Patients with high-grade gliomas had decreased salience network resting-state functional connectivity compared with healthy controls (P < .05). The right anterior insula showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with grade II and IV gliomas compared with controls (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:By demonstrating decreased resting-state functional connectivity and an increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations related to the salience network in patients with glioma, this study adds to our understanding of the neurobiology underpinning observable cognitive deficits in these patients. In addition to more conventional functional connectivity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations is a promising functional-imaging biomarker of tumor-induced vascular and neural pathology.

Detrimental effects of cancer on cognitive function and, consequently, on the quality of life are emerging as a key focus of cancer survivorship both in research and clinical practice.^1,2 Brain tumors have been shown to affect memory, processing, and attention in patients; however, their underlying neurobiology is incompletely understood.³ Using resting-state functional MR imaging (rsfMRI) to evaluate changes in cognitive resting-state networks may provide a better understanding of the pathology underlying the observable cognitive disruptions in gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor in adults.A “triple network model” of neurocognitive pathology has been proposed, which encompasses the default mode network, involved in mind wandering; the central executive network, involved in decision-making; and the salience network (SN), implicated in modulating activation of the default mode network and central executive network by detecting the presence of salient stimuli.^4-8 While previous rsfMRI research has largely focused on tumor-induced changes in the default mode network,^9,10 our study examined the less-studied SN, a network rooted in the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.⁶Prior studies evaluating gliomas and SN resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) provided conflicting results in small patient samples: Maesawa et al¹⁰ found no significant differences in the SN in 12 patients, while Liu et al¹¹ more recently found decreased SN connectivity in 13 patients. Gliomas impact the integrity of the neurovascular unit to varying degrees, resulting in neurovascular uncoupling that has been reported to confound fMRI interpretations in patients with brain tumors.^12-14 Additionally, research has reported neuronal plasticity manifested by structural reorganization and functional remodeling of neural networks in patients with gliomas with possible alterations in clinically observable cognitive manifestations.^15-17 An rsfMRI metric, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), has recently shown promise as a biomarker for brain plasticity and hemodynamic characterization, including neurovascular uncoupling in patients with gliomas.^15-19The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glioma presence and tumor characteristics on overall RSFC and regional normalized ALFF within the SN in a large patient population. We hypothesized that there would be decreased average SN RSFC and altered ALFF in patients with gliomas compared with healthy controls. Recent studies have acknowledged that gliomas have variable effects on network integrity based on lesion location and proximity to network ROIs,^20-22 and unilateral gliomas can be associated with plasticity in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres.^11,17 Research also supports differences in resting-state network reorganization in aggressive high-grade gliomas compared with slower-growing low-grade gliomas.^20,23 Therefore, we also hypothesized that there would be differences in average SN RSFC and regional ALFF in patients based on the anterior-versus-posterior location, hemispheric side, and grade of glioma.     

补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕作用机制研究

目的探讨补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕的作用机制。方法体外培养成纤维细胞,按随机数字表法分为正常组(培养正常成纤维细胞)、瘢痕组(培养增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞)、TGF-β1组(10 ng/ml TGF-β1处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞5 min^12 h)、Smurf2 RNA干扰组[Smad泛素化调节因子2(Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor2,Smurf2)siRNA转染增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞72 h]、补骨脂素组(10μmol/L补骨脂素处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞继续培养72 h)、补骨脂素+TGF-β1组(增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞加入补骨脂素培养72 h后加入TGF-β1培养6 h)。采用Western blot法检测Smurf2、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-actin SMA,α-SMA)蛋白表达;RT-PCR法检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达;ELISA法检测TGF-β1蛋白分泌。结果与正常组比较,瘢痕组Smurf2蛋白[(0.83±0.08)比(0.38±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);与瘢痕组比较,Smurf2 RNA干扰组TGF-β1[(2.2±0.18)比(4.2±0.47)]表达降低(P<0.05);TGF-β1组Smurf2[(0.71±0.06)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(1.42±0.12)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达增加(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA[(0.72±0.09)比(0.41±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);补骨脂素组Smurf2[(0.05±0.01)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(0.71±0.07)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达[(0.12±0.04)比(0.41±0.07)]降低(P<0.05)。结论补骨脂素可能通过TGF-β1/Smurf2信号通路抑制α-SMA蛋白表达,从而降低Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达,起到抑制瘢痕形成的作用。     

Psychosocial mechanisms of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence of prostate cancer survivors

Abstract

Purpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial.

Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects.

Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3?months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6?months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables.

Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time.

Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI.     

羽毛球运动中发生手腕和肩袖损伤的相关因素调查

目的：通过对羽毛球爱好者的问卷调查，结合羽毛球项目的运动特点，分析常见的运动损伤部位及其发病原因、处理方法以及预防措施. 方法：调查于2005—03／11在成都医学院体育教研室羽毛球俱乐部完成，对156名羽毛球爱好者进行运动损伤情况凋查，均自愿参加调查。采用问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方法，主要结合羽毛球项目的运动特点，调查运动损伤的患病率、损伤类型及其受伤原因，分析其常用的处理方法及预防措施。 结果：共发放问卷156份，收回内容详实问卷156份。（1）损伤患病率：运动损伤患病率为78，84％。（2）损伤类型：156名羽毛球爱好者中急性损伤占52、56％，慢性损伤占26，28％。最容易受伤的手腕处受伤患病率为37．39％，其次是肩袖受伤患病率为30．89％。（3）受伤原因：技术动作不规范是运动损伤最主要的原因，占72，35％，而准备活动不充分和身体疲劳分别占63、41％和22．76％. 结论：为有效预防手腕和肩袖损伤，应加强局部肌肉力量训练等防治措施；注意学习和掌握正确的动作技术要领，做好充分的准备活动是十分必要的.     

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in acute respiratory infections.

Levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 are elevated in severe sepsis. However, it is not known whether sTREM-1 measurements can distinguish milder bacterial infections from noninfectious inflammation. The present authors studied whether serum sTREM-1 levels differ in community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and controls, and whether sTREM-1 may be used as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics. Serum sTREM-1 levels in 150 patients with pneumonia, COPD and asthma exacerbations and 62 healthy controls were measured. Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in pneumonia (median 295.2 ng x mL(-1)), COPD (280.3 ng x mL(-1)) and asthma exacerbations (184.0 ng x mL(-1)) compared with controls (83.1 ng x mL(-1)). Levels were higher in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations than in type 2 and 3 COPD and asthma exacerbations. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for sTREM-1 as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics was 0.77. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 were elevated predominantly in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations versus type 2 and 3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, asthma and controls. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 has moderate but insufficient accuracy as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections.     

益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病57例临床观察

目的:观察中医益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病的临床疗效。方法:将符合诊断的114例阳痿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各57例,患者入院后分别进行阴茎硬度测试和FSH(促滤泡激素)、HCG(人绒毛膜促性腺激素)、PRL(泌乳素)测定。对照组予温肾壮阳中药加常规西药治疗;治疗组予自拟益气补血活血法方药加减治疗,并辅以精神疏导。对两组病例的疗效进行总结和随访。结果:114例病例全部得到随访,治疗组治愈率63.12%,总有效率91.23%;对照组分别为50.87%;68.41%。两组比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用中医益气补血活血法治疗阳痿病疗效显著,尤对血管性阳痿病显效。     

重视老年高血压病人的非药物治疗

针对老年高血压病人的治疗，要积极采取药物和非药物治疗措施，既要保持血压稳定在正常或接近正常水平，又要最大限度地降低心脑血管病的并发率、病残率和死亡率。在临床工作中，除采取必要的药物控制血压外，帮助老年高血压患者安排好日常生活，树立正确地防治观念，养成按时作息和定时排便的习惯；合理的饮食，限制食盐量，戒烟戒酒，控制热量摄入；以及根据老年高血压病人的身体情况，选择有规律的适当运动，坚持循序渐进的锻炼：同时，要保持乐观开朗的心怀和积极健康的心态，生活要安排张弛有度，又多姿多彩，努力营造一个感情融洽，和睦相处的温馨美好的家庭环境。这些非药物治疗措施，都能取得了令人满意的效果，是治疗老年高血压病的最佳保健良方。     

Skin problems after a tsunami

BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS: Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS: The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS: Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required.