POLYMORPHISM OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ASTHMA WITH FAMILIAL AGGREGATION

Objective. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in the metabolism of angiotensin Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ) and inactivation of bradykinins and tachykinins, which are potent bronchialconstrictors and mediators of inflammation asthma, and ACE is heavily expressed in the lungs. An insertion-deletion (D/I) polymorphism of ACE gene has been shown to be associated with levels of ACE. We investigate whether the polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with asthma and bronchial responsiveness.Methods. A case-control study was carried out in 50 asthmatics, 7 families with at least 2 asthmatic individuals, and 50 healthy subjects. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methacholine brocho-provocation and pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics. Results. There was an higher gene frequency of DD genotype of ACE gene in asthmatic subjects and families individuals compared with healthy subjects (46%, 53% vs 16%, P＜0.05; odd ratio 4.98). Anhigher prevalence of DD genotype of ACE was in patients with bronchial hyperresposiveness (BHR) (67%vs 33%, P＜0.05; odd ratio 3.8). Accordingly, the mean values of FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher in asthmatics carrying non-DD alleles than patients with DD genotype (73.78% vs 56.56%, P＜0.05; 79.19% vs 69.29%, P＜0.05, respectively).Conclusion. These results suggested that DD allele of ACE genotype was significantly involved in genetic susceptibility to asthma. DD genotype of ACE might be a risk factor for the degree of airway obstruction, it could also be implicated in pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.     

米索前列醇用于产后出血的预防

目的：米索前列醇预防产后出血的效果。方法：选择１９９８年８月至１９９９年７月在我院住院分娩的３００例单胎头位孕妇,随机分为米索前列醇组,催产素组,每组１５０例,米索组在胎儿娩出前,胎头着冠时给产妇直肠内置米前列醇６００ｕｇ。催产素组在胎儿娩出后产妇臂部肌注催产素２０Ｉｕ。观察两组产后２ｈ内出血量。结果：产后２ｈ平均出血量米索前列醇组明显低于催产素组,差异有极显性。产后出血发生率米索前列醇组为３．     

Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network-Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams

The poly(l -lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization-assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non-solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g⁻¹ oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil-water separation, and many other fields.     

Effects of [3H]-BIDN,a novel bicyclic dinitrile radioligand for GABA-gated chloride channels of insects and vertebrates

1. The radiolabelled bicyclic dinitrile, [³H]-3,3-bis-trifluoromethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile ([³H]-BIDN), exhibited, specific binding of high affinity to membranes of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and other insects. A variety of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor convulsants, including the insecticides heptachlor (IC₅₀, 35±3 nM) and dieldrin (IC₅₀, 93±7 nM), displaced [³H]-BIDN from rootworm membranes. When tested at 100 μM, 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-n-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(EBOB), 4-t-butyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-thione (TBPS), 1-phenyl-4-t-butyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (TBOB) and picrotoxin failed to displace 50% of [³H]-BIDN binding to rootworm membranes indicating that the bicyclic dinitrile radioligand probes a site distinct from those identified by other convulsant radioligands.
2. Dissociation studies showed that dieldrin, ketoendrin, toxaphene, heptachlor epoxide and α and β endosulphan displace bound [³H]-BIDN from rootworm membranes by a competitive mechanism.
3. Rat brain membranes were also shown to possess a population of saturable, specific [³H]-BIDN binding sites, though of lower affinity than in rootworm and with a different pharmacological profile. Of the insecticidal GABAergic convulsants that displaced [³H]-BIDN from rootworm, cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and rat brain membranes, many were more effective in rootworm.
4. Functional GABA-gated chloride channels of rootworm nervous system and of cockroach nerve and muscle were blocked by BIDN, whereas cockroach neuronal GABA_B receptors were unaffected.
5. Expression in Xenopus oocytes of either rat brain mRNA, or cDNA-derived RNA encoding a GABA receptor subunit (Rdl) that is expressed widely in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster resulted in functional, homo-oligomeric GABA receptors that were blocked by BIDN. Thus, BIDN probes a novel site on GABA-gated Cl⁻ channels to which a number of insecticidally-active molecules bind.

     

抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的应用

目的　探讨抗生素在预防胸外科择期手术切口感染中的合理应用。方法　按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口对635 例胸外科择期手术分组进行抗生素的种类、应用时机、术后疗程等方面切口感染率的统计比较。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口感染率分别为2.56% 、4.39% 、7.54% ;青霉素类、喹诺酮类和头孢菌素类抗生素应用,切口感染率分别为10.05% 、3.23% 、2.83% 。术后抗生素应用疗程,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口感染率3 天以上无差异性,Ⅲ类切口感染率5 天以上无差异性。结论　预防性抗生素应用在胸外科择期手术中有确实的临床意义;Ⅱ、Ⅲ类切口的预防性抗生素以二、三代头孢菌素类或三代喹诺酮类为好,Ⅰ类切口的预防性抗生素应用仍应首选青霉素类为宜     

磷改性层柱交联累托石催化剂的积炭性能

采用有机磷化合物对层柱交联累托石催化剂进行了改性研究。考察了有机磷化合物的加入对催化剂轻瓦斯油裂化活性和积炭性能的影响。结果表明：含有适量磷化合物的层柱交联累托催化剂,焦炭产率可降低３０％,轻瓦斯油在层柱交联累托石催化剂上的裂化反应和积炭反应是并行的,而裂化活性仍保持不变。磷化合物的加入使层柱交联累托石催化剂的Ｂ酸强度增加,但积炭反应主要不是由Ｂ酸强度决定,而是与强弱Ｂ酸中心数目的比例以及Ｂ酸和Ｌ     

抗病毒红藻多糖的提取与测定

从我国沿海红灌中撮的粗多糖,经ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析得到红藻多糖ＲＰ１实验证实有明显抗病毒作用。通过气相色谱、红外光谱、Ｙａｐｈｅ测定方法,证明红藻多糖ＲＰ１含硫酸基是一种硫酸酯化多糖,其单糖组成为半乳糖和３,６－内醚半乳糖,定量分析含量分别为半乳糖７０．０４％、３,６－内醚半乳糖９．５６％１硫酸基１７．３０％。     

赛庚啶对大鼠胰岛B细胞内分泌功能的影响

目的　探讨赛庚啶对大鼠胰岛Ｂ细胞内分泌功能的影响。方法　应用放射免疫分析、生化分析法和电子显微镜研究赛庚啶（Ｃｙｐｒｏｈｅｐｔａｄｉｎｅ,Ｃｙｐ）对大鼠胰岛Ｂ 细胞内分泌功能的影响。结果　Ｃｙｐ ２．３ｍ ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）,灌胃给药,连续用药 １０ｄ 可引起大鼠血清胰岛素含量降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,而血糖水平则无显著改变。Ｃｙｐ ４．６ｍ ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）,不但引起血清胰岛素含量显著降低,而且使血糖水平显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。电镜观察,大鼠胰岛Ｂ 细胞超微结构亦呈退行性改变。结论　Ｃｙｐ 连续用药可抑制大鼠胰岛Ｂ 细胞的内分泌功能。     

急性心肌梗塞心肌缺血再灌注损伤18例临床分析

目的：利用间接指标的方法,观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）后心肌再灌注损伤（ＭｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌＲｅｐｅｒｆｕｓｉｏｎＩｎｊｕｒｙ,ＭＲＩ）的临床表现,了解ＭＲＩ对左室射血功能及梗塞后心绞痛的影响。方法：对尿激酶静脉溶栓后３２例冠脉再通者和１０例冠脉未再通者进行心电图和心肌酶学动态监测,ＡＭＩ后３周所有患者接受心脏彩超检查。结果：临床判断冠脉再通者中ＭＲＩ发生率为５６２５％（１８／３２）,心电图主要表现为突发短暂性ＳＴ段明显抬高,其次是再灌注心律失常,束支或房室传导阻滞最少见。ＭＲＩ时血清ＣＰＫ峰值时间为１３８６±４２６小时,较冠脉再通而无ＭＲＩ组１９１７±５３６小时显著前移（Ｐ＜００５）。ＭＲＩ组ＬＶＥＦ（４５２５±１０７７％）显著高于冠脉未再通组（３８６０±９２５％）（Ｐ＜００５）,但与无ＭＲＩ组（５３２８±１２７７％）相比,Ｐ＞００５。ＭＲＩ组梗塞后心绞痛发生率为２７２８％,与无ＭＲＩ组４２８０％和冠脉未再通组１０００％相比,Ｐ均＞００５。结论：ＡＭＩ静脉溶栓后部分患者发生再灌注损伤,ＭＲＩ对ＬＶＥＦ和梗塞后心绞痛发作无显著影响。     

抗人尿激酶受体单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的　制备抗人尿激酶受体单克隆抗体,为今后ｕＰＡＲ 病理生理作用及临床意义的研究提供新的手段。方法　利用杂交瘤技术,用经ＰＭＡ刺激的Ｕ９３７ 细胞与可溶性尿激酶受体（ｓｕＰＡＲ）免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ 小鼠,与ＳＰ２／０ 细胞融合。结果　获得国内第１ 组４ 株抗人尿激酶受体（ｕＰＡＲ）单抗,分别命名为ＳＺ－ ９８、ＳＺ－ ９９ 、ＳＺ－ １００ 、ＳＺ－ １０１。结论　４ 株单抗均能与ｕＰＡＲ 特异性结合,能与Ｕ９３７ 细胞及经ＰＭＡ作用的Ｋ５６２ 细胞反应。ＳＺ－ １０１ 与国外抗ｕＰＡＲ单抗３９３６ 有相同的ｕＰＡＲ 结合位点;而ＳＺ－９８、ＳＺ－ ９９ 与ＳＺ－ １００ 在ｕＰＡＲ上有不同的结合位点