动态对比增强MRI的定量及半定量参数在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的应用研究

目的探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)的定量及半定量参数在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的诊断效能.材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的甲状腺结节患者45例,术前均行颈部DCE-MRI增强检查,获取定量参数:容积转运常数(volume transfer co...     

The role of the perfusion index in patients with thoracic trauma

<正>Traumatic injuries range from simple to complicated multipleinjuries. Theidentificationofpatientswith critical injuries and disrupted organ perfusion is essential to prevent tissue hypoxia. A study estimated that a fast and accurate response to thoracic trauma should reduce the mortality by 30%.[1] The tissue perfusion value is an essential indicator of mortality and morbidity for patients admitted to the hospital with thoracic trauma. Thus, this study aimed to show the role of the perf...     

假体周围骨折与骨质疏松

骨质疏松与假体周围骨折的发生密切相关。骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折的预防需从改善局部骨量和预防跌倒入手。检测关节假体周围的骨密度可用于评估假体周围骨折的风险。在对骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折进行手术治疗时,可使用骨移植替代材料来增加骨折部位固定的强度,也可使用改进型的内固定材料或翻修假体来提高手术的成功率。     

石墨烯及氧化石墨烯在口腔组织再生领域的研究进展

石墨烯类碳纳米材料因具有高比表面积、化学稳定性高、生物相容性高和功能化灵活等特点,在组织工程和再生医学应用中展现出巨大潜力.本研究就石墨烯及氧化石墨烯对口腔组织再生工程中干细胞行为的影响、支架材料性能的改善以及在口腔种植及抗菌性能方面的作用作一综述.     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清血小板膜糖蛋白水平的变化及对预后的评估价值

目的 分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者入院时血清血小板膜糖蛋白-血小板活化因子-1(PAF-1)水平与疾病严重程度和患者90d临床预后的关系,为疾病早期诊断和预后评估提供敏感的生化指标.方法 选择2019年3月至2020年9月入我院初次确诊急性缺血性脑卒中患者共102例,采用改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分评估观察组出院后9...     

Hepatitis C virus reactivation in cancer patients in the era of targeted therapies

The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence of hepatitis C reactivation in cancer patients in the era of targeted therapies.Targeted therapies are novel therapeutics frequently used in cancer patients.During treatment with targeted therapies,viral replication is one of the major problems that can occur.The PubMed database,ASCO,and ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium abstracts were searched up until September 15,2013 using the following search keywords:"targeted therapies,rituximab,alemtuzumab,brentuximab,hepatitis,hepatitis C reactivation,tyrosine kinase inhibitors,imatinib,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)inhibitors,everolimus,anti-HER therapies,trastuzumab,pertuzumab,lapatinib,antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapies,cetuximab,panitumumab,and ipilimumab".Papers considered relevant for the aim of this review were selected by the authors.The data about rituximab-induced hepatic flare in hepatitis C virus(HCV)positive patients is controver-sial.However,there is the possibility of life-threatening hepatic flare that can develop after HCV ribonucleic acid(HCV-RNA)viral load increases.Routine followup of liver function tests should be advised.Especially in high-risk patients,such as those with baseline chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis,and where there are plans to administer rituximab concomitantly with corticosteroids,it is advised to have close follow-up of HCV viral load.The data is insufficient to make accurate statements about the association of alemtuzumab therapy and HCV reactivation.However,alemtuzumab may cause deep immunosuppression.Due to this,it is better to follow up with liver function tests and HCV RNA levels during alemtuzumab therapy.Brentuximab has effects on antibody dependent cellular toxicity and may decrease humoral immunity.Thus,we believe that during brentuximab treatment of HCV infected patients,clinicians may encounter hepatitis C reactivation.There have been no reported cases of hepatitis C reactivation with imatinib therapy.However,there are many reports of hepatitis B reactivation with imatinib treatment.Based on the evidence of hepatitis B reactivation with imatinib and the effects of imatinib on immune system functions,we suggest that imatinib therapy might be a risk factor for HCV reactivation.Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies are not associated with hepatic flare in HCV infected patients.Post-transplant studies reported that mTOR was safely administered to patients with active hepatitis C without causing hepatic flare.Cetuximab and panitumumab have not been associated with HCV reactivation.Two cases of HCV infected melanoma were safely treated with ipilimumab without any HCV reactivation or hepatic flare.Targeted therapies are a new and emerging area of oncology treatment modalities.While treating HCV infected cancer patients,clinicians should be mindful of the immunosuppressive properties of targeted therapies.Further randomized trials are needed to establish algorithms for this issue.     

多方面分析患者病种让外科医生及时救死扶伤

随着交通的日益便捷，生活的水平提高，人们的患病率和病种也在不断的提高和增多。作为外科急诊手术医师，掌握患者病情，了解患者病种，对提高患者的存活率有很大的帮助。所以我院急诊外科医生整理了近三年的手术患者病种的疾病分类并进行了分析，提高了急诊医师的技术水平。     

Ecological study of gastric cancer in Brazil:Geographic and time trend analysis

AIM:To investigate the geographic distributions and time trends of gastric cancer(GC)incidence and mortality in Brazil.METHODS:An ecological study of the DATASUS registry was conducted by identifying hospitalizations for GC between January 2005 and December 2010.The data included information on the gender,age,and town of residence at the time of hospital admission and death.RESULTS:The GC rates,adjusted according to available hospital beds,decreased from 13.8 per 100000in 2005 to 12.7 per 100000 in 2010.The GC rates decreased more among the younger age groups,in which the male-to-female difference also decreased in comparison to the older age groups.Although the lethality rates tended to increase with age,young patients were proportionally more affected.The spatial GC distribution showed that the rates were higher in the south and southeast.However,while the rates decreased in the central-west and south,they increased in the northern regions.A geographic analysis showed higher rates of GC in more urbanized areas,with a coast-toinland gradient.Geographically,GC lethality overlapped greatly with the hospital admission rates.CONCLUSION:The results of this study support the hypothesis of a critical role for environmental factors in GC pathogenesis.The declining rates in young patients,particularly males,suggest a relatively recent decrease in the exposure to risk factors associated with GC.The spatial distribution of GC indicates an ongoing dynamic change within the Brazilian environment.