低弹性模量膨胀螺钉在骨质疏松绵羊的体内研究

目的观察应力作用下低弹性模量膨胀螺钉在骨质疏松绵羊体内生物学表现,探讨其是否能在普通膨胀螺钉的基础上进一步提高螺钉的稳定性。方法选用4只成年雌性绵羊,行去势手术12月后,以双能X线骨密度测量仪测定去势前后腰椎骨密度,确定骨质疏松模型建立成功。于L1-L5脊椎两侧椎弓根内随机植入两种弹性模量的膨胀螺钉,低弹膨胀螺钉(42GPa)为实验组,普通膨胀螺钉(110GPa)为对照组,术后3月处死动物,取材标本进行最大拔出力实验,Micro-CT检测以及组织学分析。结果去势1年后绵羊腰椎骨密度显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。膨胀螺钉植入绵羊椎体3月后,实验组的最大拔力高于对照组(P<0.05),Micro-CT检测显示骨体积分数(BV/TV)骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th.)以及骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp.)在实验组均优于对照组(P<0.05),同时骨小梁数量(Tb.N.)在两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。组织学显示实验组螺钉周围新骨形成多于对照组,同时钉骨界面结合紧密,其间无纤维结缔组织。结论通过减小内植物与周围骨质弹性模量的差异,低弹性模量膨胀螺钉能进一步提高螺钉在骨质疏松绵羊体内的稳定性,从而减少螺钉内固定失败的发生。     

保肢手术所面临的生物重建和机械重建问题

20世纪70年代以前,治疗恶性骨与软组织肿瘤的首要选择是截肢。这一选择基于人们注意到肿瘤切除后频繁的局部复发、再切除以及高死亡率[1]。外科技术、麻醉技术及放射技术的飞速发展使人们对保肢充满期望。     

计算机导航内半骨盆肿瘤切除及有限元分析辅助重建

目的 探讨计算机导航骨盆肿瘤精确切除与重建的安全性和有效性,评价有限元力学分析辅助骨盆环结构与力学重建的可行性.方法 2008年12月至2010年6月,采用有限元分析辅助肿瘤切除后的组配式假体设计,并通过计算机导航对12例内半骨盆恶性肿瘤患者行肿瘤切除与重建术.男8例,女4例;年龄25～53岁,平均39.7岁.软骨肉瘤4例,成骨肉瘤2例,Ewing肉瘤2例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例,转移瘤3例(肾癌1例、甲状腺癌1例、乳腺癌1例).Enneking原发恶性肿瘤分期:ⅠA期1例,Ⅰ B期2例,ⅡA期2例,ⅡB期4例.术后评价肿瘤学结果和功能恢复情况.结果 术中未发生神经、血管和脏器损伤.术后X线片显示肿瘤切除范围与术前计划匹配,肿瘤切除彻底,组配式骨盆假体安放位置满意,固定钉位置满足术前有限元力学分析要求.全部病例随访8～26个月,平均18.2个月.肿瘤局部复发并肺转移1例,深部感染1例,深静脉血栓形成1例.无假体脱位及内固定松动、断裂,无肢体短缩.术后6个月时1993年美国骨肿瘤学会功能评分平均70%,6例随访超过20个月的患者功能评分平均68%.结论 计算机导航辅助骨盆肿瘤切除重建是一种安全有效的方法,有限元分析可为骨盆环重建提供精确的力学指导.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the security and effectiveness of the accurate resection and reconstruction of pelvic tumor with computer navigation and to evaluate the feasibility of pelvic ring structure and mechanics reconstruction using finite element analysis.Methors From December 2008 to June 2010,tumor resections assisted by computer navigation technology and pelvic reconstructions with assembly prosthesis designed by finite element analysis were performed in 12 patients with internal hemi-pelvic malignant tumors.There were 8 male and 4 female patients,with the average age of 39.7 years(range,25-53).The malignant tumors involved chondrosarcoma(4 cases),osteosarcoma(2),Ewing sarcoma(2),malignant fibrohistiocytoma(1),and metastatic tumor(3,in which including renal cell carcinoma 1 case,thyroid carcinoma 1,and breast carcinoma 1).According to Enneking staging classification,there were 1 case in Ⅰ A,2 cases in ⅠB,2 cases in Ⅱ A.and 4 cases in Ⅱ B.The local recurrence of tumor and functional results were followed up postoperatively.Results There were no nerves,vessels and pelvic organs injuries intra-operatively.The postoperative X-rays showed that the excised regions were proper to the preoperative schedule and en bloc resections were performed in all patients.All assembly prostheses were in satisfactory position.and the screw fixation was accordance with the finite element biomechanical analysis.All the cases were followed up for average 18.2 months (range,8-26).There were 1 case with local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis,1 case with deep infection,and 1 case with deep vein thrombosis.No prosthesis dislocation,loosening,breaking,and limb length discrepancy occurred in all patients.The average MSTS93 functional score was 70%in all patients at 6 months,and 68 % in 6 patients at 20 months follow.up.Conclusion The resection and reconstruction of pelvic tumor assisted by computer navigation is a safe and effective procedure.The finite element analysis can provide accurate biomechanical guidance to the reconstruction of pelvic ring.     

骨肿瘤患者深静脉血栓形成15例的临床观察

目的总结和探讨骨肿瘤患者深静脉血栓形成的临床特征及防治策略。方法对2008年1月—2009年7月我科收治的首诊为骨肿瘤的患者中,围术期及化疗期间并发深静脉血栓形成的15例患者的有关资料。结果本组患者中,12例（12/15）患者抗栓治疗效果满意,1例（1/15）带栓生存,2例（2/15）转科治疗。结论骨肿瘤患者是深静脉血栓形成的高危人群,彩色多普勒外周血管超声检查有助于对其的诊断;抗凝、溶栓及下腔静脉滤器置入等治疗方法有效;前瞻性思考、预防性用药是最重要的处理措施。     

经腰部开放手术在活体供肾切取中的应用

目的 探讨开放手术在切取活体亲属供肾移植中的应用。方法 总结我科2003年6月至2004年11月期间行4例开放手术活体供肾切取的经验和体会。结果 4例均成功切取左肾，手术时间120～150min，热缺血时间15～45s，移植后无移植肾功能延迟恢复，肾功能在2—4d恢复正常，供者于6—8d恢复出院。结论 开放手术切取活体供肾方法可靠，供肾质量好。     

微弧氧化表面改性3D打印多孔钛合金支撑棒治疗羊距骨骨坏死的研究

目的 探讨微弧氧化（MAO）表面改性3D打印多孔钛合金支撑棒对羊距骨坏死的治疗作用,为其进一步临床应用提供基础。方法 观察3D打印多孔钛合金支撑棒通过MAO表面改性后,其表面形态、元素变化及晶像情况。通过体外细胞实验,研究大鼠成骨细胞在材料表面的黏附、增殖及分化情况。建立羊距骨坏死模型基础,并置入3D打印多孔钛合金支撑棒,探究其在距骨内的稳定性及其成骨修复情况。结果 通过MAO改性,材料表面形成大小均一的多孔微米结构,Ca、P、O元素分布在材料表面,同时表面形成TiO₂晶像。在体外细胞实验中,MAO改性组和对照组均表现出良好的生物相容性,但是MAO改性组在细胞接种后8 h黏附能力优于对照组、接种1、4、7 d后细胞增殖能力均优于对照组,同时接种7 d时细胞分化能力也优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。羊距骨植入实验表明,术后12周两组支撑棒都有骨长入,但是MAO改性组与对照组相比其周围有更多的新生骨长入。定量结果显示MAO组的骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度也优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 仿生的3D打印多孔结构为支撑棒提供了优良的力学性能,MAO表面改性进一步提高了其生物活性,使其在治疗羊距骨早期骨坏死过程中充分发挥了力学和生物学的优势。本临床前研究效果满意,并为其未来临床应用提供了理论和研究基础。     

New β Ti alloy mini-prosthesis with low elastic modulus resurfacing articular surface defect in dogs

Objective To assess the effect of a new β Ti alloy mini-prosthesis with low elastic modulus on resurfacing the full-thickness Surface defect of the knee joint in dogs.Methods A full-thickness osteochondral defect of 7 mm in diameter was created at the medial femoral condyle of both hind limbs in 8 healthy adult dogs.The titanium alloy mini-prostheses with high-modulus of elasticity were implanted on the right side(control group)and those with low-modulus of elasticity on the left side(experiment group)to repair the cartilage defects.After 3 months,all the 8 dogs were sacrificed to harvest the specimens.Radiographic,histologic and micro-CT examinations were conducted to observe stability of the mini-prostheses and growth of the bone and cartilage surrounding the implants. Results Radiographic evaluation revealed no indications of device disassembly or subsidence.Bone trabeculae surrounding anchoring screws in the experiment group was visibly more and denser compared with the control group.Micro-CT data revealed that the bone volume fraction,trabecular thickness,trabecular number and tissue mineral density were 0.389%±0.025%,0.049±0.002 μm,8.9±0.4 mm-1 and 652.7 ±12.6 mg/mm3 respectively in the experiment group,compare with 0.253%±0.024%,0.038±0.002 μm,5.9±0.4 mm-1 and 595.2±7.6 mg/mm3 in the control group,with statistically significant differences between the 2 groups(P<0.05).Cartilage around the cap grew well and the surface remained smooth.Periphery of the resurfacing implant was covered by an extension of the superficial cartilage emanating from the defect margins. Conclusions The new β Ti alloy mini-prosthesis with low elastic modulus is favorable toward resurfacing the articular surface defect.The low-modulus of elasticity can improve new bone formation on the implant-bone interface.     

金纳多治疗糖尿病周围神经病变36例观察

糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病晚期较常见且严重的慢性并发症 ,患病率随糖尿病病程的增长而增加。有效的治疗是解除糖尿病患者病痛的关键措施之一。传统应用维生素 B1及维生素 B12 治疗效果欠佳。笔者应用金纳多及 B族维生素药物治疗 ,取得了满意的效果 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　病例选择 :所选 36例患者均符合 1980年 WHO糖尿病诊断标准 ,均存在程度不等的四肢皮肤感觉异常、四肢麻木和疼痛 ,肌电图检查示运动神经传导速度( MCV)和感觉神经传导速度 ( SCV)均减慢 ,心、肺、肾功能正常。采用随机分组方法 ,分为治疗组 36例 ,其中男 …     

骶骨骨巨细胞瘤外科治疗单中心回顾性分析

目的探讨骶骨骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗方法、临床效果及并发症。方法回顾性分析了在我中心于1990～2017年接受治疗的27例骶骨骨巨细胞瘤患者的病历资料,男10例,女17例,平均34 (19～50)岁。其中2例A型(累及S3以下)接受病灶边缘性切除;8例B型(累及S2及以下)、12例C型(累及S1及以下)、5例D型(累及骶髂关节)接受瘤内刮除术。术后随访18～132个月,平均58个月。其中5例失访,入组22例。结果术后复发6例(27%),均为接受病灶刮除病例。2例行再次刮除后未复发,4例行保守治疗(连续栓塞,迪诺单抗)后1例肺转移,其余病变未有进展,目前均带瘤存活。刮除术后患者均有不同程度的鞍区麻木及一过性二便功能障碍。5例术后出现伤口深部积液,1例出现肠瘘,1例出现内固定断裂。结论对于S3以下骶骨骨巨细胞瘤整块切除术可获得较好效果;对于S3以上病变瘤内刮除可以保护患者的鞍区感觉和二便功能。