砷氟中毒地区儿童智力水平及生长发育调查与评价

目的探讨砷、氟暴露对儿童智力和生长发育的影响。方法在砷、氟中毒地区,按照所选取病区的不同类别分为4组,即高砷高氟组、高氟组、高砷组、对照组,分析比较各组间儿童智力和生长发育水平的差异。结果高砷高氟组、高氟组儿童平均智商低于对照组(q=3.05、q=4.31,P<0.05、P<0.01)。高砷组儿童智商处于最低水平,与对照组(q=8.59,P<0.01)、高氟组(q=4.88,P<0.01)、高砷高氟组(q=3.89,P<0.05)比较,差异均具有统计学意义。儿童智商与其尿砷(t=2.81,P<0.01)和尿氟(t=2.05,P<0.05)组间比较,分别呈负相关。高氟组儿童身高低于对照组(t=2.40,P<0.05)、高砷组儿童体质量低于对照组(t=3.37,P<0.05)、高砷高氟组儿童肺活量低于对照组(t=2.73,P<0.05)。结论高砷、高氟的摄入均可影响儿童智力和生长发育,其中以高砷对儿童智力的影响更为明显,提示长期砷、氟暴露对儿童的智力和生长发育将产生不良的影响。     

131Ⅰ治疗Graves病

放射性核素应用于临床治疗,已有60年的历史.自从1942年Hertz及Hamilton等介绍了131碘(131Ⅰ)治疗甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)并获得成功后,经过几十年的发展,该方法不断得到改进,并被誉为是核素治疗学最成熟、应用最广泛的典范性治疗方法.     

超敏C反应蛋白与冠心病(胸痹)的相关性及预测价值

目的探讨冠心病（CHD）病人随病变严重程度的变化、血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）变化规律及临床意义。方法选取68例CHD病人按国际标准分为急性心肌梗死（AMI）组、不稳定型心绞痛（UA）组、稳定型心绞痛（SA）组。另设健康对照组24名，为同期门诊体检未发现异常者。入院时抽取空腹静脉血测定血清hs-CRP含量。结果SA组病人血清hs-CRP水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；UA组及AMI组与健康对照组和SA组血清hs-CRP含量比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；而AMI组与UA组的hs-CRP含量差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在8个证型中，心血瘀阻证、气滞血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、气滞血瘀证、气滞血瘀证、痰阻心脉证4个证型的hs-CRP水平明显高于其余4个证型，其余4个证型之间比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；当心血瘀阻证、气虚血瘀证、痰阻心脉证4个证型比较时，心血瘀阻证与气滞血瘀证之间两两比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05），其他证型之间两两比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论hs-CRP水平与CHD的病变程度有相关性，瘀血在导致动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。因此检测CHD病人血清hs-CRP水平，有利于高危人群的发现，积极进行预防，减少急性事件的发生。     

低于15公斤患儿心脏手术围体外循环期改良节约用血策略的安全性分析

目的探索改良节约用血策略对体重≤15 kg先天性心脏病患儿的安全性,并分析体外循环中传统与改良库血预充策略对患儿围术期血制品输注情况及近期临床预后。方法自2011年2月至2013年10月,按入选标准先后纳入531例先天性心脏病患儿。传统组(C组,n=248例)患儿采用库血预充方案,改良组(M组,n=283例)患儿实施改良节约用血策略即无库血预充方案,所有患儿行体外循环下心脏手术,收集转前及转中、转后不同时点的血气指标及围术期的资料。结果两组患儿初步分析表明,改良组患儿围术期红细胞用量明显少于传统组(P<0.001);改良组患儿术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间及24 h胸液引流量明显低于传统组(P=0.028,P=0.034,P=0.012);两组患儿住院时间、再次气管插管、术后腹透及死亡率等均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论在体重≤15 kg先天性心脏病患儿体外循环期间实施改良节约用血策略是安全可行的,该策略有助于减少围术期的血制品用量,改善患儿近期预后。     

2021-09期目录

Objective To investigate the predictive effect of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) level after operation and the trend of TgAb change after 131I treatment on the curative effect of 131I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods A total of 95 patients with DTC who were positive for TgAb and who underwent total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment in the Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 16 males and 79 females, aged 11?63 (37.74±11.27) years old. 131I treatment was administered 2–6 months after surgery. Based on the response to therapy assessment system of DTC in the American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines and according to the images, the curative effect was divided into three groups, namely, structural excellent response group (A group, 54 cases), structural incomplete response group (B group, 19 cases), and structural indeterminate response group (C group, 22 cases). The following parameters were observed among the three groups: TgAb level before 131I treatment; percentage change at 1.5 months, 3–6 months, and 6–12 months; and rate of change of TgAb. The factors that might affect the curative effect were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn with the following: the TgAb level before 131I treatment; percentage change of TgAb at 1.5 months after treatment; and percentage change of TgAb at 3–6 months after treatment. The best critical value for predicting therapeutic effect was determined, and the diagnostic efficiency was calculated. The measurement data were compared through variance analysis or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact text were used to compare the count data among the groups. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors that may affect the curative effect. Results The univariate regression analysis results showed that the mean age (F=3.48, P=0.03), lymph node metastasis rate (χ2=10.28, P<0.01), TgAb level before 131I treatment (χ2=16.03, P<0.01), 131I dose (Fisher's exact text, P=0.002), percentage changeand and rate of change of TgAb (except percentage change at 6?12 months) at 1.5 months, 3?6 months, and 6?12 months were significantly different among the three groups (χ2=8.55–22.79, all P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that TgAb levels before 131I treatment were significantly different among the three groups (β=?0.006, OR=0.994; P<0.01), percentage change of TgAb at 1.5 months (β=0.327, OR=1.387; P=0.046), and percentage change of TgAb at 3?6 months (β=2.521, OR=12.439; P=0.041) had statistical significance. The optimal cut-off value of TgAb level on ROC curve was 201.4 U/mL with a sensitivity of 74.1% and specificity of 68.3%. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.740. The optimal cut-off values of the percentage change of TgAb in 1.5 months and for 3–6 months after treatment were 9.7% and 19.2%; the sensitivities were 72.2% and 61.0%; the specificities were 87.0% and 58.5%; and the AUCs were 0.660 and 0.752, respectively. Conclusions Postoperative TgAb level enabled the prediction of the therapeutic effect of 131I. Patients with lower TgAb level showed better therapeutic effect. The decrease of TgAb after treatment was more significant than before treatment, suggesting that the 131I therapeutic effect was satisfactory.     

卒中一级预防指南:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会致医疗专业者的声明(第二部分)

本更新版指南的目的是为那些尚未患卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作的人群提供深入及时的卒中预防循证建议。循证建议涉及危险因素的控制、头颈部循环的动脉粥样硬化性疾病的介入方法,以及为预防血栓形成和血栓栓塞性卒中而进行的抗栓治疗。更为深入的建议还涉及遗传和药理学试验,以及其他特殊情况下的卒中预防,如镰状细胞病和卵圆孔未闭。     

肝硬化消化道出血合并足月妊娠一例

肝硬化消化道出血是肝硬化最严重的并发症之一,其发病突然,病情凶险,常引起失血性休克及诱发肝性脑病。肝脏疾病合并妊娠较为常见,而发生肝硬化消化道大出血在产科中较少见,特别是发生于足月妊娠的孕妇,本例报道我院收治的肝硬化消化道出血合并足月妊娠而发生胎死宫内一例,旨在提醒妇产科医生提高对本病的认识,从而进行科学的处理,现报道如下。     

突聋伴发糖尿病患者 ECT 脑显像分析

目的：探讨单光子发射断层扫描（ SPECT）对突聋伴发糖尿病患者脑血流情况的评估以及对脑缺血早期治疗的重要性。方法：对2008年至2014年39例突聋伴发糖尿病患者利用SP ECT观察局部全脑血流量（ rCBF）的变化、是否存在脑缺血以及缺血的区域和程度。结果：实验组突聋伴糖尿病病人39例rCBF减低者33例,占受检者84．6％,对照组突聋不伴糖尿病人31例,13例患者rCBF减低区,占受检者41．6％,二者rCBF的平均生阈的比较差异有显著性。结论：SPECT脑显像提示入组的突聋伴发糖尿病患者脑部存在不同程度的缺血情况,同时发现部分患者存在未引起临床症状的隐匿缺血区,故突聋伴发糖尿病患者给予SPECT脑显像以监测脑血流情况,必要时及早干预,可预防短暂性脑缺血发作（ TIA）的发生。     

西红花苷对高海拔低氧条件下大鼠脑海马IGF-1表达的影响

目的研究西红花苷提前用药对高海拔低氧条件下大鼠海马胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)表达的影响。方法 224只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组和用药组。用药组每天肌肉注射西红花苷1次(50mg/Kg),对照组每天肌肉注射相同剂量的0.9%Nacl,连续给药3天后运至高海拔低氧环境,在第1、3、5、7天观察取材。通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆行为,通过免疫组织化学方法检测IGF-1的蛋白水平,通过RT-PCR方法检测IGF-1的mRNA水平。结果与对照组相比,用药组大鼠在Morris水迷宫实验中的寻台潜伏期在第1、3、5天明显缩短(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学法结果显示,用药组各组大鼠海马的IGF-1蛋白表达水平均高于对照组,其中以第1、3天最为明显(P<0.01)。RT-PCR法检测显示用药组各组大鼠海马的IGF-1 mRNA水平均高于对照组,其中以第1、3天最为明显(P<0.05)。结论西红花苷提前干预给药,可以提高高海拔低氧条件下大鼠海马IGF-1的表达量,同时能够改善高海拔低氧条件下大鼠学习记忆能力,其机制可能是通过调节IGF-1表达水平实现。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术研究八珍益智方治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在作用机制

目的 利用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术,研究八珍益智方治疗阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）的潜在药效物质基础和作用机制,为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法 通过TCMSP、BATMAN-TCM、TCMID、中国知网（CNKI）和Pubmed数据库检索八珍益智方8味组方药材化学成分和作用靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM数据库查询AD的相关靶点;利用R语言3.6.3得到药物和疾病的交集靶点;借助String数据库和Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建PPI网络,筛选核心靶点;通过DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析;利用AutoDock tools 1.5.6、AutoDock vina 1.1.2进行分子对接。结果 八珍益智方共收集到200个化学成分和226个靶点,Cytoscape 3.7.2软件筛选出包括AKT1、MAPK3、IL-6、VEGFA、CASP3等37个核心靶点,槲皮素、山柰酚、柚皮苷、豆甾醇、7-甲氧基-2-甲基异黄酮等15个核心化合物。GO富集分析得到1 331个条目（P<0.05）,KEGG通路富集得到相关通路65条（P<0.05）。分子对接结果显示15个核心化合物和AKT1、MAPK3、IL-6、VEGFA、CASP3具有较好的亲和力。结论 八珍益智方治疗AD的通路主要涉及癌症的途径、MAPK信号通路、前列腺癌、神经活性配体-受体相互作用、钙信号通路等,研究结果为八珍益智方治疗AD作用机制的进一步阐明提供了指引。