压痛点刺血加火罐治疗坐骨神经痛48例

文中介绍用三棱针在压痛点刺血加火罐的方法,治疗坐骨神经痛48例,有效率为93.7％。并指出刺血点的选择和出血量的多少与疗效有一定关系。     

沙眼的防治

沙眼是旧社会遗留下来的一种慢性传染性眼病,是造成盲目的主要原因,严重地危害劳动人民的身体健康。解放后,在毛主席无产阶级卫生路线指引下,认真贯彻“预防为主”的方针,加强卫生宣传并积极进行普查,普治,从而使沙眼的发病率大大下降。根据《全国农业发展纲要》中,有关消灭严重危害人民健康疾病的要求,我们应进一步做好沙眼的防治工作,为控制和消灭沙眼而努力。     

系统性硬皮病11例病案分析

系统性硬皮病是一种具雷诺氏现象,继以硬化和萎缩性质的改变,并伴有系统性内脏损害的一种结缔组织变化的疾病。在皮肤和内脏器官中常合并广泛分布血管炎的变化。现以我们自73年以来所收治的11例系统性硬皮病作一肤浅的临床分析。     

大面积急性心肌梗死合并室间隔穿孔救治成功1例

患者男性，73岁。因发作性心前区疼痛2年，持续性心前区剧烈疼痛40min入院。入院时呼吸18次／min，血压150／80mmHg，口唇无发绀，两侧颈静脉无怒张。两肺听诊未闻及干湿罗音，心浊音界不大，心率84次／min，律齐，各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音。肝脾肋下未触及，双下肢无浮肿。心电图示ST段Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、avF、V（6-9）呈弓背向上抬高0．1mV。心肌酶谱GOT97U／L，CPK669U／L，HBD587U／L，LDH1002U／L。诊断急性下壁、正后壁、高侧壁心肌梗死，即予扩冠、镇静及止痛，预防心律失常及抗生素，吸氧，对症治疗，暂时缓解。     

南水北调中线配套兴隆河引水工程钉螺扩散可能性评估

目的 评估南水北调中线配套兴隆河引水工程钉螺随水扩散的可能性,为该地区血吸虫病的防治提供依据。 方法 在兴隆河引水工程沿线之沿堤河、东荆河导虹管及百里长渠设立监测点,２０１５ ～ ２０１７ 年连续开展春季查螺、检查漂浮物携螺及稻草帘诱螺,观察并评估钉螺的扩散情况。 结果 监测 ３ 年均未发现钉螺扩散。 结论 南水北调配套兴隆河引水工程实施中,钉螺扩散的可能性较小,但仍应注重落实钉螺控制措施。     

全反式维甲酸对兔颈动脉内膜损伤病灶中内膜增生和IL-8及PECAM-1表达影响

目的观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对兔颈动脉内膜损伤病灶中内膜增生和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、血小板内皮细胞黏附分-1(PECAM-1)表达的影响。方法将54只新西兰大白兔随机分为假手术组、对照组和治疗组3组。对照组和治疗组给予高脂饮食,2周后,用空气干燥法制作颈动脉内膜损伤病灶模型,治疗组于术前3d开始给予ATRA灌胃。假手术组给予普通饮食,2周后分离暴露颈动脉但不损伤内膜。于术后第7、14、28天分别处死各组动物,取损伤血管进行形态学观察,采用免疫组化法检测IL-8和PECAM-1的表达水平。结果假手术组未见内膜增生,IL-8无表达,PECAM-1仅有微量表达;对照组术后7d内膜开始增生,14、28d时内膜增生明显,管壁有粥样斑块形成,管腔狭窄,IL-8和PECAM-1表达量增多;治疗组内膜增生相对于对照组较轻,14和28d时内膜面积显著低于对照组(t=4.041、3.896,P<0.05),治疗各组IL-8和PECAM-1的阳性表达指数也显著低于对照组(t=3.368～4.421,P<0.05)。结论 ATRA可通过抑制IL-8和PECAM-1的表达从而抑制动脉内膜损伤病灶中的内膜增生,维持粥样斑块的稳定性。     

新型农村合作医疗农民住院费用分析

目的 分析新型农村合作医疗农民住院费用构成,为新型农村合作医疗政策制订和费用控制决策提供依据.方法 按系统抽样方法抽取重庆市某区县医院和镇医院近3年相同月份住院病例共875例,用统计学方法分析.结果 住院费用中药费占比过高,参加新型农村合作医疗(参合)农民住院费用高于非参合农民.结论 改善住院费用结构,降低药品费用所占...     

闪了腰 吹吹电吹风

现代人,由于缺乏锻炼,或长时间保持一种姿势,导致腰部韧带变得很"脆弱",在活动或抬重物时冷不防就被"闪"一下.这时,很多家庭简易疗法就可以派上用场了.     

64层螺旋CT胸部低剂量扫描方案优选的多中心研究

目的 比较自动曝光控制技术(AEC)与管电流恒定技术(CCC)2种不同低剂量MSCT扫描方案对胸部CT图像质量的影响,探讨更加合理的肺低剂量扫描参数方案.方法 采用前瞻性多中心研究方法,研究对象为7所医院就诊的280例行胸部低剂量MSCT检查的受检者,设定管电流(mA)为研究变量,方法一为AEC技术,下设噪声标准差值(SD)为25(A1)及30(A2)各1组,并设定管电流上限为80 mA,下限为10 mA;方法二为CCC技术,下设40 mA(C1)及50 mA(C2)各1组;共4组,采用同一机型64层MSCT行胸部低剂量扪描.2名放射科医师应用双肓法阅片,比较2种不同扫描技术的曝光剂量、SD值,横断面、MPR的图像质量以及体质量指数(BMI)对图像质量的影响.曝光剂量及SD比较行方差分析及t检验;图像质量比较行Mann-Whitney检验;医师对图像诊断一致性检验行Kappa分析.结果 剂量长度乘积(DLP)AEC组较CCC组明显降低[(82.62±40.31)和(110.81±18.21)mGy·cm,F=56.88,P＜0.01].AEC技术中A2组DLP较A1组低[(72.77±36.68)和(92.46±41.61)mGy·cm],差异无统计学意义(t=0.82,P＞0.05).前者SD值在肺窗[(41.50±9.58)和(40.86±7.03)HU]及纵隔窗[(41.19±7.83)和(40.92±9.89)HU]均略高于后者,差异无统计学意义(F肺窗=0.835、1.910,P值均＞0.05).横断面图像质量AEC组肺窗得分除右下肺静脉水平[(4.92±0.25)和(4.93±0.17)分]、[左膈顶上缘水平(4.91±0.27)和(4.93±0.22)分]较CCC组略低外,AEC组得分均较CCC组略高[头臂静脉上缘(4.49±0.56)和(4.38±0.64)分;主动脉弓上缘(4.86±0.23)和(4.81±0.32)分;右肺上叶支气管开口(4.87±0.27)和(4.84±0.22)分;右肺中叶支气管开口(4.90±0.25)和(4.88±0.21)分],差异无统计学意义(F=0.076～1.748,P值均＞0.05);纵隔窗得分除头臂静脉上缘水平AEC组较CCC组高[(2.57±0.77)和(2.46±0.59)分],且差异有统计学意义(F=8.459,P=0.047)外,余各层面AEC组得分均较CCC组略低[(主动脉弓上缘(3.36±0.63)和(3.45±0.60)分;右肺上叶支气管开口(3.94±0.56)和(3.95±0.51)分;右肺中叶支气管开口(3.80±0.58)和(3.87±0.50)分;右下肺静脉(3.72±0.56)和(3.78±0.53)分;左膈顶上方(3.58±0.63)和(3.68 ±0.56)分],但差异均无统计学意义(F=0.083～3.380,P值均＞0.05).MPR图像质量肺窗及纵隔窗观察均略好于CCC组(Z肺窗=-2.358,Z纵隔窗=-1.330,P值均＞0.05).偏瘦、正常或偏重人群组,A1组肺窗及纵隔窗图像质量均优于A2组,差异无统计学意义(偏瘦:Z肺窗=0.000、Z纵隔窗=0.000;正常:Z肺窗=-0.062、Z纵隔窗=-0.746;偏重:Z肺窗=-1.177、Z纵隔窗=-1.715;P值均＞0.05),但在偏重人群纵隔窗图像质量A1组更好于A2组(Z=-1.715,P=0.144).结论 AEC组总曝光剂量明显低于CCC组,而AEC组的图像质量及SD值无论在肺窗或纵隔窗均与CCC组无明显差异,故建议在胸部低剂量筛查方案选择中应用AEC技术,对偏胖者宜采用SD=25方案,对正常及偏瘦者宜采用SD=30方案.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the image quality of chest low dose CT (LDCT) using automatic exposure control (AEC) and constant current control (CCC) and explore a more reasonable scanning protocol. Methods Two hundred and eighty participants were examined with 64 CT scanner at 7 centers in China. All were divided into 4 groups. Two groups underwent LDCT using AEC with standard deviation set at 25 (A1) and 30 (A2) respectively and the tube current ranged from 10 mA to 80 mA. The other two groups underwent LDCT using CCC with tube current set at 40 mA (C1) and 50 mA (C2) respectively. The axial and MPR images were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded to the scanning protocols.The radiation dose, noise and the image quality of the 4 groups were compared and analyzed statistically.Differences of radiation dose and noise among groups were determined with variance analysis and t test,image quality with Mann-Whitney test and the consistency of diagnosis with Kappa test. Results There was a significant lower DLP in AEC group than in CCC group [(82.62±40.31)vs ( 110.81±18.21) mGy·cm (F =56. 88 ,P ＜ 0. 01 )], whereas no significant difference was observed between group A2 and group A1 0. 05]. The noisy of AEC group was higher than that of CCC group both on lung window(41.50±9.58 vs 40.86±7.03) and mediastinum window (41.19±7.83 vs 40.92±9.89), but there was no significant difference( Flung =0.835, P=0.476, Fmediastinum =1.910, P=0.128).The quality score of axial image in AEC group was higher than that in CCC group (superior margin of the brachiocephalic vein level: 4.49±0.56 vs4.38±0.64,superior margin of the aortic arch: 4.86±0.23 vs 4.81±0.32,the right superior lobar bronchus Level:4.87±0.27 vs 4. 84 ± 0. 22, the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 4.90±0.25 vs 4.88±0.21) except on the right inferior pulmonary vein level(4. 92 ±0. 25 vs 4. 93 ±0. 17) and superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level (4. 91±0.27 vs 4.93±0.22) on lung window, but no significant differences (F=0.076-1.748, P＞0.05) were observed. A significant higher score in AEC group was observed on mediastinum window compared with CCC group on superior margin of brachiocephalic vein level (2.57±0.77 vs 2. 46 ± 0. 59, F = 8. 459, P ＜ 0. 05 ), however, the score of AEC group was lower than that of CCC group on other levels without significant differences (superior margin of the aortic arch:3.36 ±0. 63 vs 3.45 ±0. 60,the right superior lobar bronchus level: 3.94 ±0. 56 vs 3. 95 ±0. 51 ,the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 3.80 ±0. 58 vs 3. 87 ±0. 50,the right inferior pulmonary vein level: 3.72 ±0. 56 vs 3.78 ±0. 53, superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level: 3.58 ± 0.63 vs 3.68±0.56,F=0.083-3.380,P ＞ 0.05 ). The MPR image quality of AEC group was better than that of CCC group both on lung window and mediastinum window (Zlung =-2.258, Zmedlastinum=-1.330, P＞0.05). For all participants including the underweighted group, the normal group and the overweighted group, the image quality of A1 group was better than that of A2 group without significant differences (the underweighted group: Zlung=0.000, P=1.000, Zmedastinum= 0.000, P=1.000;the normal group: Zlung =-0.062, P=0.950, Zmediastinum =-0.746, P = 0.456; the overweighted group: Zlung = - 1.177, P = 0.239,Zmediastinum =-1.715, P=0.144) both on lung and mediastinum windows, and for the higher BMI participants, a better image quality was obtained in A1 group than in A2 group on the mediastinum window (Z = -1. 715, P = 0. 144). Conclusions The total radiation exposure dose of AEC group is significantly lower than that of CCC group, but no statistical significant differences are observed between both groups in image quality and noise level. The AEC technique is highly recommended in thoracic LDCT scan for screening program, and the SD25 ( SD value = 25) scan protocol is suggested for higher BMI population while the SD30 (SD value = 30) scan protocol for lower BMI population.     

给睾丸多降降温

睾丸生性好低温 睾丸生性怕热。热应激是睾丸生精功能障碍的一个重要病理因素。睾丸位于阴囊中,阴囊具有“热胀冷缩”的功能,起到调节温度的作用。正常情况下,阴囊内的温度比体温低2摄氏度左右,比腹腔内温度低4摄氏度左右。多皱褶的阴囊皮肤还有大量的汗腺,可以通过汗液分泌而加速散热。阴囊内的这种低温环境对保证精子的生成,具有举足轻重的作用。