美托洛尔注射剂治疗快速房性心律失常的临床研究

目的观察静脉应用美托洛尔控制快速性房性心律失常心室率的有效性及安全性。方法30例快速性房性心律失常、心室率>120次/分的患者随机分为美托洛尔组和西地兰组。观察用药前(0min)、第二剂前、第三剂前;首剂用药后40,60,90min和120min时的心率和血压。用药后心室率降至100次/分以下或转复窦性心律为有效。结果30例快速性房性心律失常(心房颤动20例,心房扑动5例,房性心动过速5例)患者,男17例,女13例,年龄57.3±12.4岁,随机分入美托洛尔组和西地兰组。在60min内各观察时间点,美托洛尔组明显优于西地兰组,两组有效率分别为53.3%、86.7%、93.3%和93.3%对13.3%、20.0%、40.0%和60.0%。两组平均起效时间美托洛尔组为12.6±6.7min和西地兰组为53.0±28.4min,美托洛尔组明显短于西地兰组。120min内两组总有效率分别为93.3%、80%,无显著差异。结论静脉应用美托洛尔及西地兰均能有效安全地控制快速性房性心律失常的心室率,美托洛尔起效较西地兰更快。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对梗死心脏窦性心率震荡的影响

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)心肌移植后窦性心率震荡(HRT)的变化。方法除正常对照组(Control组,n=11)外,MSCs组(n=15)和心肌梗死(MI)组(n=14)经球囊导管堵闭左前降支法建立猪MI模型并分别移植MSCs悬液和等量生理盐水,6周后进行窦性HRT和心率变异性(HRV)分析。结果①与Control组比较,MI组规一化高频成分(HFnorm)降低(P<0.05),规一化低频成分(LFnorm)和LF/HF比值增高(P均<0.01),MSCs组LFnorm与MI组无差异,但HFnorm却较后者显著升高(P<0.05),以致LF/HF比值较后者显著降低(P<0.05)。②MI后正常HRT的双相反应几乎消失,与Control组比较,MI组震荡初始(TO)增大、震荡斜率(TS)减小(P均<0.01);MSCs移植后HRT的双相反应有所恢复,与MI组比较,MSCs组TO减小、TS增大(P均<0.01)。结论MSCs移植能显著改善MI后窦性HRT的双相反应,可能与MSCs移植改善MI后心脏迷走神经功能有关。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

右心室室性心动过速患者时域法微伏级T波电交替特征及其临床意义

目的探讨右心室室性心动过速患者时域法微伏级T波电交替（MTWA）特征及其临床意义。方法采用活动平板时域法分别对35例致心律失常性右心室心肌病（ARVC）患者[其中男性28例,平均年龄（38．6±11,0）岁]、10例特发性右心室室性心动过速（IRVT）患者[其中男性7例,平均年龄（41．9±15．4）岁]和60例健康对照者[男性42例,平均年龄（41．0±14．9）岁]进行MTWA检测,记录胸前V1～V6导联的MTWA值,确定胸前各导联的最大值,以Max Valt表示。分析比较不同组别各导联MTWA值及Max Valt值的差异。结果ARVC组各导联MTWA值和Max Valt值均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;IRVT组各导联的MTWA值和Max Valt值比对照组升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;ARVC组和IRVT组比较,V4导联MTWA值及MaxVah值明显较高（P〈0．05）;接受者操作特性（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线分析表明,以Max Valt〉11．5μV鉴别诊断ARVC的敏感性为74．3％,特异性为80．0％;ARVC组中,近一年内有持续性室速发生的患者较无室速发作患者V2～V6导联的MTWA值以及Max Valt值的差异有统计学意义。结论渐量修正平均时域法检测显示,ARVC患者MTWA值和Max Valt值均明显升高．MTWA佰可以反映ARVC患者近期室性心动过速的发作。     

血清骨保护素水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的:探讨血清骨保护素、血脂与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:对90例行冠状动脉造影的患者用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清骨保护素,同时检测血脂。用冠状动脉病变血管的数量和狭窄度积分来代表冠状动脉病变严重程度。以冠状动脉造影阴性作对照并进行多因素Logistic回归等分析。结果:冠心病组患者血清中骨保护素水平明显高于对照组(F=9.203,P<0.05)。骨保护素水平随冠状动脉病变支数的增加而升高(F=7.571,P<0.001)。冠状动脉正常或内腔轻度不规则、单支病变、2支病变、3支病变的患者,其血清中骨保护素水平(μg/L)分别为0.104±0.035,0.111±0.037,0.130±0.084,0.169±0.077。多元回归分析显示血清中骨保护素与冠状动脉严重程度有密切关系(OR=2.4;95%的可信区间为1.4～4.2)。三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)是具有统计学意义的冠状动脉病变危险因素。结论:血清中骨保护素水平与冠状动脉的进展可能有直接关系。OPG,LDL-C、三酰甘油水平越高,冠状动脉病变越严重。     

C 反应蛋白的研究进展

C反应蛋白是体内炎性的标志物之一 ,在很多心血管疾病患者血浆C反应蛋白浓度增高。C反应蛋白可导致一氧化氮分泌减少 ,而且能促进血管内皮细胞的凋亡 ,抑制血管的生成 ,还可以促进单核细胞释放组织因子 ,其释放的增加可引起局部血栓形成 ,从而可导致心血管事件的发生。通过降低血浆C反应蛋白浓度 ,能否治疗心血管疾病 ,尚有待进一步研究证实。     

三维电解剖标测指导疑难右侧游离壁旁路的导管消融

Objective To demonstrate the electroanatomic substrates of right-sided free wall (RFW)accessory pathways (APs) which were refractory to conventional catheter ablation utilizing three-dimensional (3D) mapping. Methods Seventeen patients with RFW APs that failed initial conventional catheter ablation(s)by a mean of 1～3(1.8±0.6) attempts were enrolled in the study. Electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium was performed during right ventricular pacing in 14 patients and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in 3patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered via irrigation catheter to the earliest atrial activation site. Results The earliest atrial activation site, which represented the atrial insertion of the APs, was separated from the tricuspid annulus by an average of 9 ～ 20 ( 13.6 ± 3.4 ) mm, and the local activation time was 18 ～ 80(31.5±16.3) ms earlier than that of the corresponding annular point. The target electrogram demonstrated AP potential in fourteen patients and ventriculoatrial fusion in the rest three. Accessory pathway was blocked in one case during moving the catheter and RF ablation delivery on the areas. One patient exhibited an AP with wide branching on the atrial side during mapping. RF ablation with an irrigated catheter successfully interrupted AP conduction in remaining 16 patients without complications. After a mean follow-up of 3 ～ 41 (18.6±12.7) months, there were no recurrences of ventricular preexcitation or episodes of tachycardia. Conclusion RFW APs refractory to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distance from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律

目的 介绍起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的特发性加速性室性自主心律,揭示其临床特征并探讨可能的电生理机制.方法 回顾分析4例特发性加速性室性自主心律患者的心电图形态特征、临床表现、治疗方法及预后.结果 4例患者,男性2例,平均年龄48(40～54)岁,均无器质性心脏病.室性自主心律均呈右束支阻滞型,其QRS时限0.11～0.13 s,符合左侧希氏-浦肯野系统起源,其中3例电轴右偏,1例电轴左偏.自主心律RR间期不规则,平均频率为87(55～110)次/min,与窦性心律交替出现.所有患者临床均表现为发作性心悸.1例患者室性自主心律在短期服用普罗帕酮后消失,另1例短期服用维拉帕米后消失,余2例未予以特殊处理后自然消退.平均随访4.5(2～8)年,临床无心律失常发作,亦无其他心血管事件发生.结论 起源于左侧希氏-浦肯野系统的加速性室性自主心律是左侧希氏-浦肯野系统特发性室性心律失常的一种表现形式,多数为自限性,临床呈良性经过.