肾毛霉菌感染并肾血肿一例报告

患者 ,男 ,6 2岁。畏寒、发热 1个月 ,伴右腹及腰痛、全身黄染 2 0d ,于 2 0 0 2年 3月 2 8日入院。外院查患者ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL升高 ;B超示胆囊结石并急性胆囊炎 ,予抗炎、保肝治疗 ,病情无缓解。入院查体 :皮肤、巩膜中度黄染 ,右上腹、胆囊点压痛 ,肝区轻叩痛 ,右肾区叩痛明显。B超示胆囊结石 ,右肾包膜下血肿 (7.3cm× 3.2cm) ;尿常规 :LEU 4 、ERY 3 、RBC 2 ;血常规 :WBC 17.99× 10 9/L ,N 0 .75 4。血糖升高 ,戊肝抗体阳性 ,HIV抗体阴性。拟诊 :胆囊结石并感染 ,肾周血肿并感染 ,2型糖尿病 ,病毒性肝炎戊型。入…     

沙培林膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的机制

目的 :探讨沙培林膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效、安全性及其机制。方法 :对 30例膀胱癌患者术后应用沙培林进行膀胱灌注 ,随访 12～ 2 4个月 ,检测患者灌注前、后尿液中细胞因子 [白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) ]的变化情况。结果 :无肿瘤复发率为 83.4 % ,复发率为 16 .6 %。IL 2灌注前为 1.2 0kU/L ,灌注后为 1.5 9kU/L ;TNF灌注前为 0 .30 μg/L ,灌注后为1.37μg/L。两者灌注前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :沙培林膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发疗效满意 ,患者耐受性好 ,无明显全身或局部不良反应。沙培林膀胱内灌注可通过细胞免疫和体液免疫两个途径达到预防膀胱癌术后复发的作用。     

睾丸间质细胞瘤的诊治—附3例报告

睾丸间质细胞瘤又称Leydig细胞瘤,是睾丸性索/性腺间质肿瘤中的一种单一组织类型的肿瘤,来源于正常发育和演化的成分间质细胞。本病较少见,且该瘤的病因及自然病程尚不十分清楚,对其治疗时手术方式的选择尚存争议。我院2007年7月至2011年4月间共收     

蛋白激酶Cε在前列腺癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 探讨蛋白激酶C ε(PKCε)在不同病理类型前列腺组织中的表达及与前列腺癌病理分级、分期的关系。 方法 正常前列腺(NP)组织标本10例、前列腺增生(BPH)组织标本10例、癌旁(PC)组织标本10例、前列腺癌(PCa)组织标本43例。免疫组化法检测各组织中PKCε的表达情况,分析PKCε表达与不同病理类型及PCa分级、分期的关系。 结果 PCa组PKCε表达阳性27例,BPH组无阳性表达,NP组1例,PC组2例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa组Gleason评分≥8分组中PKCε表达阳性12/13例,2～4分组4/10例,5～7分组11/20例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。T3期PKCε表达阳性10/12例,T4期9/10例,T1、T2期分别为1/6例和7/15例,高分期与低分期组PKCε表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa转移组PKCε表达阳性9/10例,未转移组18/33例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa患者血清PSA≤20 ng/ml者PKCε表达阳性7/15例,＞20 ng/ml组20/18例,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。 结论 PCa组织中PKCε的表达率较高,并且与PCa病理分级、分期呈正相关,临床上可考虑作为PCa预后因子之一。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法。方法分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习。结果经CT、MRI及经直肠超声（transrectalultrasound,TRUS）引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好。现已随访23个月,未见复发转移。结论原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术。术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移。     

浅表性和浸润性膀胱癌微环境中树突状细胞的变化及意义

 【目的】研究树突状细胞（Dc）在不同类型膀胱移行细胞癌及癌旁组织中的变化以及与肿瘤病理分级的关系，探讨恶性肿瘤免疫逃避的可能机制。【方法】将133例膀胱移行细胞癌病理标本按WHO标准进行病理分级，按1987年国际抗癌协会（UICC）标准进行临床分型（浅表和浸润），应用免疫组化法检测病理标本中Dc。【结果】133例标本中肿瘤Dc数目明显少于瘤旁组织（G1 16．85±1．1，G2 9．45±2．17，G3 2．99±1．19 vs G1 21．8±4．78，G2 21．71±4．72，G320．00±5．49，P〈0．01）并随肿瘤病理分级的增加而减少，相同病理分级浅表性膀胱癌实质内Dc数目（G2 10．79±1．69；G3 4．79±0．67）明显多于浸润性膀胱癌实质内Dc数目（G27．52±1．0；G3 2．46±0．66），其差别具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；肿瘤旁组织Dc数目在不同肿瘤病理分级、临床分型的标本中差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。【结论】Dc仅在机体有炎症或肿瘤时作为抗原递呈者出现；肿瘤内Dc数目的减少是恶性肿瘤逃避机体的免疫监视和排斥的一个可能机制；浸润性膀胱癌容易转移可能与瘤内Dc数目及活性过度下调和Dc过早凋亡有关。     

小干扰RNA介导的蛋白激酶Cε基因沉默对肾透明细胞癌769P细胞增殖及迁移侵袭的影响

目的 观察下调蛋白激酶Cε(PKCε)基因对肾透明细胞癌细胞株769P细胞的生长、侵袭及迁移能力的影响.方法 用脂质体将PKCε小干扰RNA (siRNA)转染至769P细胞中,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及Western blot分析PKCε基因及蛋白的表达;噻唑蓝(MTT)及单细胞克隆试验测定细胞的生长;划痕及侵袭试验检测细胞的侵袭和迁移能力.结果 通过siRNA下调769P细胞中PKCε的表达后,细胞的增殖能力下降明显(P＜0.05);同时,细胞的侵袭和迁移能力较正常细胞降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKCε可影响人肾透明细胞癌细胞株769P细胞的生长及细胞侵袭、迁移能力.     

肾癌组织中Tim-3基因的甲基化分析

目的分析肾癌组织中Tim-3基因启动子的甲基化情况,探讨Tim-3甲基化在肾癌发生中的可能作用。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测20例肾癌组织和3例癌旁组织中Tim-3基因启动子甲基化状态,分析检测结果。结果肾癌组织中有11例（55%）检测到了Tim-3基因甲基化表达,相应癌旁组织中没有检测到Tim-3基因甲基化表达。结论肾癌组织中Tim-3基因启动子发生甲基化,Tim-3基因甲基化可能与肾癌的发生发展有关。