Architecture level optimization of 3-dimensional tree-based FPGA

We describe a methodology to design and optimize Three-dimensional (3D) Tree-based FPGA by introducing a break-point at particular tree level interconnect to optimize the speed, area, and power consumption. The ability of the design flow to decide a horizontal or vertical network break-point based on design specifications is a defining feature of our design methodology. The vertical partitioning is organized in such a way to balance the placement of logic blocks and switch blocks into multiple tiers while the horizontal partitioning optimizes the interconnect delay by segregating the logic blocks and programmable interconnect resources into multiple tiers to build a 3D stacked Tree-based FPGA. We finally evaluate the effect of Look-Up-Table (LUT) size, cluster size, speed, area and power consumption of the proposed 3D Tree-based FPGA using our home grown experimental flow and show that the horizontal partitioned 3D stacked Tree-based FPGA with LUT and cluster sizes equal to 4 has the best area-delay product to design and manufacture 3D Tree-based FPGA.     

Preparation,characterization, and electrical properties of ZSM‐5/PEG composite particles

ZSM‐5/PEG composites were synthesized by a simple solution method with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite (Si/Al = 11.4). The obtained composites were characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that the ZSM‐5 was physically combined with PEG. The thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. In situ electrical conductivity was used to follow‐up the changes in the electrical conductance during the heating of the ZSM‐5/PEG composite. It was found that ZSM‐5 is able to effectively enhance the electrical conductivity of PEG. The results showed that the obtained weight loss during the composite decomposition to charcoal is accompanied by a decrease in the electrical conductivity. Moreover, the removal of the formed charcoal is associated with an electrical conductivity increase. Calcining the ZSM‐5/PEG composite having a content of 30% results in many effects on the structural, textural, and electrical properties of the obtained products. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1160–1168, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

A Reframed Watermark Extraction Approach Using the ABC Algorithm

The fast development and the rapid spread of information technology have raised the issue of digital-image copyright protection,which was mostly addressed through robust watermarking.To ensure the survival of the watermark after attacks,most works have been making use of an additional step at the embedding phase,and by so making the scheme unsuitable for real-time implementation.However,to be effective and secure,it is recommended to combine the watermarking algorithm and the capture sensor in one device.In this paper,we brought the extra stage to the detection side.We firstly studied the effect of some signal processing operations on a watermarked image,then we proposed a general model for watermark extraction whose parameters were determined using the artificial bee colony.The efficacy of the proposed method was validated by comparing its robustness with two state-of-art schemes focusing on the watermark extraction.