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71.
Ifa Puspasari Meor Zainal Meor Talib Wan Ramli Wan Daud Siti Masrinda Tasirin 《Drying Technology》2013,31(6):619-630
The drying kinetics of oil palm frond particles in a laboratory-scale agitated fluidized bed dryer were investigated under various operating conditions: inlet air temperature (50–80°C), superficial air velocity (0.6–1.0 m/s), bed load (200–300 g), and agitation speed (300–500 rpm). To study the effects of these variables on the drying time and drying rate, an experimental design using Taguchi orthogonal array was employed. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results indicated that inlet air temperature greatly affected the drying rate, followed by superficial air velocity and bed load. The effect of agitation speed on the drying rate was found to be small. The experimental drying kinetics data were compared with the values obtained from three different models, namely, the Page model, modified quasi-stationary method (MQSM), and a new composite model. It was found that the proposed new model could satisfactorily predict the complete drying rate curve for the drying of oil palm fronds. 相似文献
72.
Mahnaz M. Abdi Anuar Kassim H. N. M. Ekramul Mahmud Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus Zainal Abidin Talib Amir R. Sadrolhosseini 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(14):3682-3686
This work studies the electrical and optical properties of the conducting polymer composite films of polypyrrole–chitosan
(PPy–CHI). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was used to study the optical properties of PPy and PPy–CHI composite
films. Then, the values of the real and imaginary parts of the refractive indexes of PPy and PPy–CHI films were obtained by
nonlinear least square fitting using Fresnel equations for a three-layer system of SPR system. The electrical conductivity
measurements showed that the conductivity of the electrochemical prepared films improved in the presence of CHI and can be
controlled by varying the CHI amount in the composite. The thermal diffusivity of the PPy–CHI composite films was measured
by open photoacoustic spectroscopy and it has been shown that the thermal diffusivity is related to the electron migration
in the conjugation chain length. The increase in electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) with the increase
in electrical conductivity of the films is mostly from shielding by reflection rather than absorption. 相似文献
73.
K. N. Seetharamu R. Paragasam Ghulam A. Quadir Z. A. Zainal B. Sathya Prasad T. Sundararajan 《Sadhana》2001,26(1-2):103-120
The process of solidification process is complex in nature and the simulation of such process is required in industry before
it is actually undertaken. Finite element method is used to simulate the heat transfer process accompanying the solidification
process. The metal and the mould along with the air gap formation is accounted in the heat transfer simulation. Distortion
of the casting is caused due to non-uniform shrinkage associated with the process. Residual stresses are induced in the final
castings. Simulation of the shrinkage and the thermal stresses are also carried out using finite element methods. The material
behaviour is considered as visco-plastic. The simulations are compared with available experimental data and the comparison
is found to be good. Special considerations regarding the simulation of solidification process are also brought out.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
74.
75.
Ibrahim Bagudo Muh’d Zainal A. Talib Zulkarnain Zainal Josephine Liew Ying Chyi Manahil Elnoor Edam Mofdal 《Journal of Materials Science》2015,50(1):457-462
High-quality Cd0.5Zn0.5Se nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 2.6 to 4.3 nm were synthesized via intensive mechanical milling for up to 20 h. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and broadening of the diffraction peaks increased with increasing ball milling process and later decreased. XRD pattern confirmed a dominant zinc blende phase at (x = 0.5) composition. The optical spectra of the nanoparticles exhibited an onset absorption peak at 349 nm, with maximum absorption at 290 nm. The luminescence properties of the nanoparticles at room temperature were analyzed via photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing band-edge emission at 354 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit broad emission band at the range of (380–508) nm photon energy. The PL spectrum has two distinctive shoulders at 403 and 450 nm. Band emissions of 1.74, 1.54 and 1.4 eV at longer wavelengths that were associated with the surface state were also observed. High-transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed the successful annihilation of such defects with continuous milling. 相似文献
76.
77.
Muhammad Asmail Eleiwi Omar Adil Zainal Tahseen Ahmad Tahseen Ahmed Waheed Mustafa 《亚洲传热研究》2021,50(1):638-654
Heat transfer coefficients are studied experimentally for airflow over a four‐flat‐tube configuration with different inlet attack angles. The range of Re numbers was from 1668 to 3782. The heat fluxes are 13.2, 38.5, and 99.8 W/m2. In this paper, 45 samples of a flat tube with inlet airflow angles (30°, 45°, and 90°) are set up to investigate its thermal performance. The design of experimental approach was used to conduct the heat transfer parametric study by designing 45 experiments, analyzing the empirical model, and optimizing heat transfer. The response was modeled using a general factorial design model based on experimental data. From analysis of variance (ANOVA), we obtained significant coefficients by performing the 5% test of level of significance. The results indicated that both the Nu and Re numbers increase for all heat flux cases and these decrease with increasing the air attack. Also shown are that the Colburn j‐factor decreases with increase of air velocity. It was found that the ANOVA results are appropriate to the collected experimental data, as the R2 and R2‐adjusted statistics are found to be 92.61% and 90.97%, respectively, for Nu number. In a similar manner, for Colburn j‐factor, the R2 and R2‐adjusted statistic are 96.97% and 96.29%, respectively. 相似文献
78.
Arniza Ghazali Zulkarnain Zainal Mohd Zobir Hussein Anuar Kassim 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》1998,55(3):1053
Cathodic electrodeposition in the presence of EDTA in aqueous solution was found to offer some noteworthy improvements in our attempt to synthesise an SnS thin film. EDTA has shown its capacity for improving the longevity of the deposition bath as well as the adhesion of the deposited film on a titanium substrate. Photoelectrochemical analysis reveals outstanding photoactivity of the electrodeposited thin film, while an optical study shows an energy gap of approximately 1.1 eV. The effects of chelating agent were extracted from the results of cyclic voltammetry, photoelectrochemical test, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The latter which displays better defined signals reaffirms the appreciable improvement in the polycrystallinity of the thin film. Analysis of peak locations, coincidentally, confirms that SnS of Herzenbergite form has been obtained. 相似文献
79.
K. Anuar Z. Zainal M. Z. Hussein N. Saravanan I. Haslina 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2002,73(4)
Cathodic electrodeposition in the presence of EDTA in aqueous solution was used to prepare Cu2S thin film deposited on Ti substrate. The effect of deposition potential, concentration and deposition time was studied to determine the optimum condition for electro-deposition process. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to elucidate the electrodic processes that occur while potentials for electrodeposition were applied to determine the optimum potential for electrodeposition. The thin films are characterised by X-ray diffractometry. The photoactivity of the deposited films and their conduction types were evaluated using photoelectrochemical technique. The band gap energy and type of optical transitions were determined from optical absorbance data. 相似文献
80.
Wan Ramli Wan Daud Mcor Zainal Mcor Talib Mahamad Hakimi lbrahim 《Drying Technology》1996,14(10):2387-2396
The characteristic drying curves of cocoa beans are determined by using a tunnel drier where conditioned air passes a single cocoa berm suspended from an electronic balance in the test section. Weight loss, and temperatures of air, testa and nib of the cocoa bean is monitored on personal computers. The nornmalised drying rate versus the normalised moisture content is regressed by least square method to fit a new polynomial model for the penetration falling rate period and a linear model for the regular regime falling rate period. It can be concluded that there are three drying periods for cocoa beans namely the constant drying rate period, the penetration falling rate period and the regular regime falling rate period. The polynomial model estimates the penetration period quite well whereas the linear model estimates the regular regime quite well as well. There is no observable influence of relative humidity and air temperature on the characteristic drying curve of cocoa beans. However, the air velocity seems to have some influence on the curve. 相似文献