Solution of a multidimensional inverse radiation problem by means of mode reduction

The Karhunen–Loève Galerkin procedure is employed to solve an inverse radiation problem of determining the time‐varying strength of a heat source, which mimics flames in a furnace, from temperature measurements in three‐dimensional participating media where radiation and conduction occur simultaneously. The inverse radiation problem is solved through the minimization of a performance function, which is expressed by the sum of square residuals between calculated and observed temperature, using a conjugate gradient method. Through the Karhunen–Loève Galerkin procedure, one can represent the system dynamics with a minimum degree of freedom, and consequently the amount of computation required in the solution of the inverse problem is reduced drastically when the present technique is adopted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adhesive element modelling and weighted static shape control of composite plates with piezoelectric actuator patches

A novel finite element model is presented for static and dynamic analysis of composite plates integrated with a laminated piezoelectric layer, a host laminated composite plate and an adhesive layer between them. A new adhesive element is developed which includes both peel and shear effects in the adhesive layer based on first‐order shear deformation plate theory. The thin adhesive layer between the piezoelectric layer and the host plate is modelled by assuming that it carries constant shear and peel strains throughout its thickness. In addition, a weighted static shape control scheme for finding the optimal voltage distribution for static shape control is given. By selecting different weighting matrices, a variety of items such as displacements, slopes, curvatures, strains and even generalized forces, can be included in finding the optimal actuating voltage for static shape control. The present model is validated by comparing with those results available in the literature. The numerical results show that the weighted linear least method can give a satisfactory voltage distribution to best match the desired shape. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

螺栓角钢钢节点的三维非线性有限元分析

对螺栓角钢钢节点半刚性连接采用非线性有限元分析方法 ,对连接中的主要构件的顶部、底部、腹板角钢、高强螺栓、梁翼缘、柱翼缘和柱翼缘加劲肋进行三维非线性有限元精细模拟 ,针对有无柱加劲肋、有无腹板角钢等几种连接的情况进行比较分析 ,探讨了螺栓角钢半刚性连接的受力性能。     

iShopFloor: an Internet-enabled agent-based intelligent shop floor

Global competition is driving manufacturing companies to change the way they do business. New kinds of shop floor control systems need to be implemented for these companies to respond quickly to changing shop floor environments and customer demands. This paper presents a new concept called iShopFloor-an intelligent shop floor based on the Internet, web, and agent technologies. It focuses on the implementation of distributed intelligence in the manufacturing shop floor. The proposed approach provides the framework for components of a complex control system to work together as a whole rather than as a disjoint set. It encompasses both information architecture and integration methodologies. The paper introduces the basic concept of iShopFloor, a generic system architecture, and system components. It also describes the implementation of eXtensible Markup Language message services in iShopFloor and the application of intelligent agents to distributed manufacturing scheduling. A prototype environment is presented, and some implementation issues are discussed.     

手工水饺定量给馅机的设计

手工水饺定量给馅机解决了包制手工水饺的定量给馅问题，保持每个水饺的重量一致稳定。该机采用柱塞泵给馅，气动传动，自动化，高效率，适合工业化生产手工水饺使用。     

Two-dimensional symmetric multimode interferences in silicon square waveguides

Symmetric interference in two-dimensional multimode silicon waveguides is experimentally investigated. For a 100/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cross section, 2700-/spl mu/m-long waveguide fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrate, an 8/spl times/8 matrix of replicated images with high contrast ratio is demonstrated for 1530-1570 nm wavelength range. Symmetric interference results in reduced device length, and the actual device length is consistent with the theoretical expectation. The device also exhibits stable imaging in terms of good loss uniformity, and low wavelength and polarization dependencies among the replicated images.     

IF钢冷轧及再结晶初期微观组织的TEM研究

采用透射电子显微镜对不同压下量和再结晶初期的IF钢样品进行了研究．结果表明：无论是在较小形变量下还是在较大形变量下，形变不均匀性是普遍存在的；冷变形程度不同，织构组分不同，TEM形貌也不同；在再结晶的最初期，冷轧的形变组织演变为近乎等轴的亚晶，优先形成{111}〈uvw〉取向的晶核，晶核逐渐吞并周围的形变基体而长大，最终形成再结晶γ-纤维织构．     

便携式全站仪在钻采井架钢结构安装中的应用

文章介绍了一种由便携机和全站仪组成的便携式全站仪 ,阐述了该全站仪在钻采井架钢结构施工安装过程中的测量工作 ,对测点产生的误差采用伪逆自由网平差方法进行处理 ,控制点的精度可达到± 5mm ,该全站仪具有快速、灵活、准确的特点 ,不仅提高了生产效率 ,而且达到了对资料的计算机化管理。     

Study on the c-axis preferred orientation of ZnO film on various metal electrodes

ZnO thin film was deposited on various metal electrodes by reactive sputtering, and c-axis preferred orientation of the film has been studied. ZnO, which has high piezoelectricity, is promising for oscillators or filter devices such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, gas sensor, and film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). But, for the application of ZnO film for these devices, the film should be grown with c-axis normal to the electrode. In this study, Pt, Al, and Au were deposited on Si wafer, and the surface roughness and crystal structure of the ZnO film on the electrode were investigated using AFM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Columnar structures of ZnO films were grown with c-axis normal to all electrodes, and among them Pt electrode showed the highest preferred orientation of ZnO film.