非洲主要石油资源国财税对比研究

受国际油价持续低迷影响,越来越多的石油公司陷入经营困境甚至濒临破产,这给中国石油公司“走出去”创造了十分难得的资产并购投资黄金窗口期。随着中美贸易摩擦越来越大,非洲石油资源丰富且与中国长期友好,成为中国石油公司走出去开展国际能源合作的首选区域。认真研究比较分析其资源国财税条款优劣,是决定未来能否获取较高投资收益的关键因素之一。本文详细介绍了非洲主要石油资源国的合同类型和财税条款,创造性地采用五个影响投资效益的关键指标对非洲主要资源国财税条款进行综合指标法评比排序,对于中国石油公司在非洲开展能源战略选区和从事石油天然气勘探开发,具有十分重要的参考价值。     

射速对顶置武器站连发精度的影响

为获得射速对某型顶置武器站连续射击精度的影响规律,分析射速对武器站连续射击炮口扰动的影响规律。运用虚拟样机技术,借助三维建模软件SolidWorks以及动力学分析软件RecurDyn,建立了路、车、炮一体化动力学模型,并对车载顶置武器站在不同射速的条件下分别进行了停止间和行进间连续射击的动力学仿真。仿真结果表明:通过分析武器站炮口振动特性的曲线,得到了不同射速下炮口振动特性规律,可为国内顶置武器站的研制设计和改进升级提供理论借鉴和技术参考。     

直接序列扩频通信系统性能研究

为了进一步提高直接序列扩频(direct sequence spread spectrum,DSSS)系统的抗多径衰落性能,提出一种改进型的实用瑞利衰落信道模型,并在不同条件下研究了码长、扩频增益对其性能的影响。通过构建信道的动态模型,给出了DSSS通信系统良好的抗多径衰落性能,以及误码率(bit error rate,BER)与信噪比(noise-signal ratio,SNR)的关系曲线,对DSSS系统在多径瑞利衰落信道中传输时的抗多径衰落性能进行比较分析。Matlab仿真结果表明:与提高系统扩频增益相比,在多径衰落信道较强的条件下,增加PN码的码长能够更有效地提高系统抗多径衰落性能。     

Toward revealing atomic deformation mechanics in lithium disilicate and β-quartz containing glass-ceramics

The mechanics of glass-ceramics subjected to sharp contact or other loading conditions remain elusive, even after being commercialized in many industrial applications. We present work herein to reveal atomic details of such deformations that are otherwise extremely difficult to probe experimentally for a lithium disilicate (LS2) and β-quartz containing glass-ceramics via molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, the materials are comprised of LS2 and β-quartz nanocrystals in a residual glass matrix. Regardless of the deformation mechanism, whether it be nanoindentation or crack propagation for samples with pre-existing flaws, we observe that the LS2 nanocrystal itself undergoes substantial deformation, either by activating dislocations, forming an amorphization zone, or by initiating microcracks at glass-crystal interfaces or weak crystallographic planes. In contrast, the β-quartz nanocrystal is not easily deformed and remains almost intact with minimal plastic deformation, thereby forcing shear flow and crack propagation pathways to predominately occur in the residual glass and/or at interfaces. The dramatic difference between the crystalline phases also manifests itself in the deformation mode of interfaces under pure shear loading, in which shear bands preferably occur at the LS2-glass interfaces, while cavities form at the β-quartz-glass interfaces. These observations significantly advance our understanding of glass-ceramics and pave ways to exploit the understanding for more applications.     

Electrical performance and ferroelectric phase transition characteristic in different oriented 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals

The electrical and optical properties of (001)- and (110)-oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.27PbTiO₃ single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field-induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d₃₃^* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals with (001)- and (110)-orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d₃₃^* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field-induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.     

Hybrid CuO-Co3O4 nanosphere/RGO sandwiched composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Hybrid CuO-Co₃O₄ nanosphere building blocks have been embedded between the layered nanosheets of reduced graphene oxides with a three dimensional (3D) hybrid architecture (CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO), which are successfully applied as enhanced anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO sandwiched nanostructures exhibit a reversible capacity of~847 mA·h·g^-1 after 200 cycles' cycling at 100 mA·g^-1 with a capacity retention of 79%. The CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO compounds show superior electrochemical properties than the comparative CuO-Co₃O₄, Co₃O₄ and CuO anodes, which may be ascribed to the following reasons:the hybridizing multicomponent can probably give the complementary advantages; the mutual benefit of uniformly distributing nanospheres across the layered RGO nanosheets can avoid the agglomeration of both the RGO nanosheets and the CuO-Co₃O₄ nanospheres; the 3D storage structure as well as the graphene wrapped composite could enhance the electrical conductivity and reduce volume expansion effect associated with the discharge-charge process.     

Ideality analysis and general laws of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes

The flow ideality of bubbly microflow remains unclear even though it is vital for the design of microreactors, especially the ideality of bubble swarm microflow for large-scale gas-liquid microreaction processes. This work is the first time to report the ideality analysis of the microbubble swarm in a relatively large microchannel. The bubble swarm microflow has undergone two conditions: quasi-homogeneous plug flow and liquid phase/gas-liquid quasi-homogeneous phase two-phase laminar flow. Both the deviations of void fraction and bubble velocity from the ideal plug flow can divide into two parts, and the two transition points simultaneously happen at the velocity ratio of 1.25. There exists a critical capillary number to maintain the quasi-homogeneous plug flow, which could be regarded as the general laws for the design of gas-liquid microreactors. Finally, a novel model is developed to predict the bubble velocity. This work could be very helpful for the large-scale gas-liquid microreactors design.     

铜熔炼渣综合回收铜铅锌基础研究

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜微观分析三种方法分析铜熔炼渣的基础物化性质;利用热力学计算软件对铜熔炼渣中所需回收金属化合物进行理论计算,使用100kW感应炉及碳化硅石墨坩埚进行10kg级铜熔炼渣综合回收有价金属试验。结果表明,铜熔炼渣中有91.06%的Cu以硫化物状态存在,在无烟煤配比10%、黄铁矿配比10%条件下,保温120min,获得尾渣中Cu、Pb、Zn含量分别为0.28%、0.013%、0.0062%;为搭配处理炼铜烟尘和更经济的综合回收,无烟煤配比3%、黄铁矿配比3%,搭配处理6%炼铜烟尘,保温70 min,实现尾渣中Cu、Pb、Zn含量分别为0.39%、0.049%、0.028%。     

高速电弧喷涂 Fe 基涂层的耐磨性能研究

本文通过高速电弧喷涂技术在低碳钢基体上制备Fe基涂层, 采用光学显微镜(OM)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 白光干涉仪表征涂层的微观结构以及磨痕形貌, 通过维氏硬度计、 摩擦磨损试验机检测涂层的机械性能。 研究结 果显示涂层呈典型的片层状结构, 涂层较为致密, 孔隙率为 1.75±0.22%。 硬质相元素的添加提高了涂层的微观 硬度, 涂层的硬度大约是基体的四倍。 同时, 涂层的磨损量相对基体来说降低了 78.61%, 对磨球切削基体表面 形成较深的犁沟, 而涂层因硬度较大, 形成的沟槽较浅, 并且涂层表层出现脆裂、 剥落现象, 产生大量的磨粒, 使得基体与涂层的磨损机制由粘着磨损向磨料磨损转变