Preparation and electrochemical characterization of activated carbons by chemical-physical activation

A process was proposed based on the combination of chemical and physical activation for the production of activated carbons used as the electrode material for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). By material characterization and electrochemical methods, the influences of the activitation process on the specific surface area, pore structure and electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The results show that specific surface area, the mesopore volume, and the specific capacitance increase with the increase of the mass ratio of KOH to char (m(KOH)/m(char)) and the activation time, respectively. When m(KOH)/m(char) is 4.0, the specific surface area and the mesopore volume reach the maximum values, i.e. 1 960 m²/g and 0.308 4 cm³/g, and the specific capacitance is 120.7 F/g synchronously. Compared with the chemical activation, the activated carbons prepared by chemical-physical activation show a larger mesopore volume, a higher ratio of mesopore and a larger specific capacitance. Foundation item: Project(2007BAE12B01) supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

A preliminary study on total removal efficiency of organic pollutants in sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant

To evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in the sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant,the influent and effluent samples from the plant were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) under conditions of acidity,neutrality and alkalescence in sequence,and then were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC-MS) procedures.Results indicate that there are 70 species of organic pollutants in the influent sample of the plant,which mainly consist of alkyls,benzene series,esters,and heterocyclic compounds.Some of these organic pollutants are biotoxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Four species among them are on the list of Prior Pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA).However,7 species of organic pollutants appearing in the effluent sample mainly include alkyls of multi-carbons and phthalate esters.The removal efficiency of phthalates is poor because of their poor biodegradability.The sewage treatment technique is effective in removing most of organics pollutants.     

基于最小一乘能量预测的冰球式蓄冷系统

提出将近似最小l1模递推算法应用于冰球式蓄冷系统的能量预测,所提算法对干扰和量测噪声不敏感,具有较强鲁棒性;同时引入遗忘因子,通过对新旧测量数据予以不同权重,用时变系统来近似实际系统.在系统实现上,利用组态王实现数据采集、友好人机界面设计,利用MATLAB完成复杂的预测算法,充分发挥组态软件在工业控制上组态方便、开发周期短和MATLAB强大数值计算功能的优势,两者之间通过DDE技术实现数据实时通信.实际运行表明,所提预测算法成功应用于冰蓄冷系统能量预测.     

基于灰度合成的图像素描效果生成算法

提出一种采用灰度合成的图像素描效果快速生成算法,实现真实感图像的艺术化生成.不同于已有算法只是利用经典的边缘检测方法来提取图像的边缘特征,本算法通过灰度信息分布来控制素描图像的细节特征,通过灰度合成得到图像边缘特征的加强和柔化,形成素描效果.算法首先得到输入图像的灰度反色图,并对其进行高斯模糊滤波,平滑边缘特征.然后采用灰度合成将滤波后的反色图和输入图像的灰度图进行合成,并同时起到对混合的图像的亮度进行自适应调整的作用,形成图像素描艺术风格.实验结果表明,算法在突出边缘特征的同时,能够较好地保持输入图像的细节特征,并实现素描效果.     

一种决策树算法的研究

SURPASS是一种增量式的处理数字数据的决策树算法,常被用于入侵检测和模式识别.它在准确率方面超过了一些决策树算法,它的另一个优越性表现在能够处理大小超过计算机内存的数据集.但是由于SURPASS要处理大数据集,它生成决策树耗费的时间比较长.针对这一问题,提出了一种指标并指出了指标的两种形式,使得在SURPASS生成的决策树生长的每一步,可对属性的指标值排序,保留指标值较小的属性,算法从被保留的属性集中选择最佳属性进行分割.这样每一步需要评价的属性的个数减少,或者说在每一步,少量的内存操作可代替大量的外存操作.     

Relationships between gas reservoir and the evolution of stope surrounding rock fracture at the process of mining the closed distance protection layer

Overburden rock movements and fracture developments occur during mining activities. Consequently, relief gas reservoirs and migration in coal seams being mined as well as in near distant coal seams appear. We considered a gas disaster management project and rules on stope relief of gas flows together and explored a gas reservoir and the evolution of stope surrounding rock fractures in the process of mining near distant protective layers by physical simulation, numerical simulation and field testing. Different techniques provide evidence of the rules of interaction of gas reservoirs and the evolution of surrounding rock fractures and are able to find accurately the gas-rich regions around the stope. Finally, we found that these rules can provide a basis for taking measures to prevent gas accidents in the protective layer of the coalface as well as for demonstrating and designing programs to drain high concentrations of gas from the gob.     

独立学院教师工作满意度的实证研究

探讨教师工作满意度对教师个人的身心健康、学校的管理工作以及社会发展有着重要的现实意义。本文从实证研究入手,构建了独立学院教师工作满意度的五维度结构模型,分析了独立学院教师工作满意度现状及其影响因素,并提出提高教师工作满意度的策略。     

简易放顶煤工作面瓦斯综合治理技术

不稳定煤层采用单体液压支柱放顶煤开采技术,无疑是一种高效采煤方法。由于工作面采高大、单产高,且底层落煤与顶层放煤同时进行或工序间隔时间短,相应的采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量明显增大,采空区上部和工作面上方顶煤裂隙中易形成瓦斯积聚,从而严重威胁工作面的安全生产。本文通过分析简易放顶煤采煤工作面各生产工艺中瓦斯涌出规律,提出并实施有效的针对性综合瓦斯治理技术措施,实现了工作面的安全生产。     

小型燃煤火电机组生物质燃料改造的可行性

转换生物质燃料是目前小火电改造最有成效也是最有意义的方式之一．研究了小燃煤火电改造转换生物质燃料的必要性、可能性、系统性、风险性,分析了小燃煤火电改造转换生物质燃料的可行性．