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31.
本文报道了破伤风毒素及其片段AB、BC、A和C的纯化方法。应用硫酸铵沉淀和Ultrogel AcA_(34)凝胶过滤制备的纯化毒素,于SDS-PAGE和PAGE中均形成单一的蛋白带,分子量为15万,pI为5.95,毒力为1~3×10~4MLD/μg。毒素经DTT还原、尿素处理、再用Ultrogel AcA_(44)凝胶过滤制备A和BC片段。A片段的分子量为54000,pI为4.8。BC片段的分子量为98 000,pI为7.2。木瓜酶处理毒素后用高压液相层析制备AB和C片段。纯化的AB片段分子量为98 000,于等电聚焦中为2条主要区带,pI为5.3和5.5,另有数条小区带;纯化的C片段分子量为51000,于PAGE中形成5条蛋白带,于等电聚焦中主要区带的等电点为7.3,另有几条小区带。 相似文献
32.
Yoshinori Nishiki Koichi Aoki Koichi Tokuda Hiroaki Matsuda 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》1987,17(1):67-76
On the basis of the observation of gas bubbles evolved by electrolysis, a two-dimensional vertical model cell composed of electrodes with open parts for releasing gas bubbles to the back side is proposed. The model cell consists of two layers. One layer forms a bubble curtain with a maximum volume fraction of gas bubbles in the vicinity of the working electrode with open parts. The other. being located out of the bubble layer, is a convection layer with a small volume fraction distributed in the vertical direction under forced convection conditions. The cell resistance and the current distribution were computed by the finite element method when resistivity in the back side varied in the vertical direction along the cell. The following three cases for overpotential were considered: no overpotential, overpotential of the linear type and overpotential of the Butler-Volmer type. It was found that the cell resistance was determined not only by the interelectrode gap but also by the percentage of open area and in some cases by the superficial surface area. The cell resistance varied only slightly with the distribution of the bubble layer in the back side.Nomenclature
b
linear overpotential coefficient given byb=/i
-
C
proportionality constant given by Equation 15
-
d
1
distance between front side of working electrode and separator
-
d
2
thickness of separator
-
F
Faraday constant
-
I
total current per half pitch
-
i
current density at working electrode
-
i
0
exchange current density
-
L
length of a real electrolysis cell
-
n
number of electrons transferred in electrode reaction
-
O
p
percentage of open area given by Equation 1
-
p
pitch, i.e. twice the length of the unit cell, defined by 2(BC) in Fig. 4
-
q
thickness of bubble curtain, defined by (AM) in Fig. 4
-
R
gas constant
-
r
t
total cell resistance
-
r
unit-cell resistance defined by (V – V
eq)/I
-
r
rs
residue ofr from sum ofr
0 andr
-
r
0
ohmic resistance of solution when0
p=0
-
r
resistance due to overpotential when0
p=0
-
s
electrode surface ratio or superficial surface area given by Equation 2 for the present model
-
T
absolute temperature
-
t
thickness of working electrode defined by EF in Fig. 4
-
V
cell voltage
-
V
eq
open circuit potential difference between working and counter electrodes
-
solution velocity in cell
- 0
solution velocity at bottom of cell
-
w
width of working electrode, defined by 2(DE) in Fig. 4
-
x
abscissa located on cell model
-
y
ordinate located on cell model
-
anodic transfer coefficient
-
linear overpotential kinetic parameter defined byb/[bc(p/2)]
- d
infinitesimally small length on the boundary
-
volume fraction of gas bubbles in cell
-
dimensionless cell voltage defined bynF(V – V
eq)/RT
-
overpotential at working electrode
-
Butler-Volmer overpotential kinetic parameter defined by [nFi
0bc(p/2)]/RT
-
coordinate perpendicular to boundary of model cell
- 1
resistivity of bubble-free solution
- 2
resistivity of separator
- bc
resistivity of bubble curtain
-
potential in cell 相似文献
33.
A new electrolytic solution based on a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) with sulfolane (SL) or -butyrolactone (-BL) has been examined as an electric double layer capacitor. Fundamental properties, such as electrolytic conductivity, viscosity, and thermal stability, were measured for solutions containing quaternary alkylammonium salts as the supporting electrolyte. Maximum conductivities were obtained for the solutions with mixed solvent of 20–40 mol % EC in the EC+-BL system: 1.2–1.3×10–2S cm–1 for EC+-BL dissolving 0.5 M Et4 NBF4 (Et=C2H5). The electrochemical and the thermal stabilities of the solution were dependent on the electrolytic salt as well as the solvent composition. A stable discharge capacitance and a high coulombic efficiency were obtained in a model capacitor using carbon fibre electrodes and the organic electrolyte of EC+-BL/Et4NBF4 (or EC+-BL/Et4NPF6). 相似文献
34.
Satoru Sano Noriko Saito Shin-ichi Matsuda Naoki Ohashi Hajime Haneda You Arita Minoru Takemoto 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(2):568-574
Forsterite (Mg2 SiO4 ) ceramics were prepared using Mg(OH)2 and SiO2 as precursors, and the effect of powder characteristics of Mg(OH)2 on calcination and sintering was investigated. The use of highly dispersed Mg(OH)2 powder (HD powder) resulted in a lower calcination temperature. Forsterite powder of high homogeneity and small particle size prepared from the HD powder enabled synthesis of high-density forsterite ceramics by ordinary sintering without applying external pressure. Moreover, transparent forsterite ceramics were successfully synthesized through addition of excess Mg to the precursors to compensate for Mg evaporated during the sintering process. Subsequent dielectric measurements revealed that the transparent forsterite ceramics had a very low dielectric loss (tan δ<10−4 ). 相似文献
35.
T. Fujitani T. Matsuda Y. Kushida S. Ogihara T. Uchijima J. Nakamura 《Catalysis Letters》1997,49(3-4):175-179
The effect of ZnO/SiO2 in a physical mixture of Cu/SiO2 and ZnO/SiO2 on methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 was studied to clarify the role of ZnO in Cu/ZnO-based catalysts. An active Cu/SiO2 was prepared by the following procedure: the Cu/SiO2 and ZnO/SiO2 catalysts with a different SiO2 particle size were mixed and reduced with H2 at 523-723 K, and the Cu/SiO2 was then separated from the mixture using a sieve. The methanol synthesis activity of the Cu/SiO2 catalyst increased with the reduction temperature and was in fairly good agreement with that previously obtained for the
physical mixture of Cu/SiO2 and ZnO/SiO2. These results indicated that the active site for methanol synthesis was created on the Cu/SiO2 upon reduction of the physical mixture with H2. It was also found that ZnO itself had no promotional effect on the methanol synthesis activity except for the role of ZnO
to create the active site. The active site created on the Cu/SiO2 catalyst was found not to promote the formation of formate from CO2 and H2 on the Cu surface based on in situ FT-IR measurements. A special formate species unstable at 523 K with an OCO asymmetric
peak at ~1585 cm-1 was considered to be adsorbed on the active site.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
36.
Glyoxal, which was the strong mutagen formed by ozonation of humic substances, was treated with granular activated carbon (GAC) and the behavior of glyoxal was investigated. Glyoxal itself was adsorbed well on GAC at pH 5–7. But, glyoxal increased by GAC treatment of ozonated humic substances when the ozone dose was insufficient to decolorize the humic substances. The precursors of glyoxal may be among other ozonated products which may be changed to glyoxal on GAC. 相似文献
37.
The stability of lamellar structure is crucial for the creep resistance of TiAl alloys, but degradation of the lamellar structure
is unavoidable at high temperatures. The degradation of the lamellar structure in PST crystals of Ti-48mol.%Al was studied
during high temperature exposure (annealing and creep testing) to examine how to make a stable lamellar structure with high
creep deformation resistance. Since the six orientation variants of γ lamellae are nucleated independently of the adjoining
lamellae, pseudo twin and 120° rotational fault boundaries are most frequently observed at the initial stage of lamellar formation.
The preferential removal of high energy (pseudo twin and 120° rotational fault) boundaries during the evolution of lamellar
structure results in the highly probable appearance of a true twin boundary at a later stage of lamellar evolution. The coarsening
of lamellar spacing and the spheroidization of the lamellae are the major degradation events occurring during creep deformation,
and the migration of the lamellar boundaries brings both of them about. The lamellar structures of TiAl alloy contain four
types of lamellar boundaries. The stability of the four types of boundaries decreases in the following order: γ/α2 > true twin > pseudo twin > or=120° rotational fault boundaries. The γ/α2 boundary has the highest stability (lowest mobility), and the high density of γ/α2 boundaries is proposed to make a stable lamellar structure with good creep resistance. A material having the high density
of γ/α2 boundaries was produced through the heat treatment of a PST crystal in the α+γ two-phase regime. The excellent creep properties
of the material were proven through creep tests of hard oriented PST crystals made of the material.
This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,”
organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei
University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002. 相似文献
38.
Takayuki Goto Takao Watanabe Kyoichi Kinoshita Azusa Matsuda Masafumi Sera Tetsuo Fukase 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1996,105(3-4):401-406
Cu-NMR spectra and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate T
1
-1
have been studied intensively on the bilayer type high-Tc cuprate La1.89Ca1.11Cu2O6+ (La2126). The resonance line shift showed a monotonic decrease with lowering temperature in the normal state, indicating that this compound belongs to the lightly-doped region. The Curie-Weiss temperature dependence of (T1T)–1 in the normal state shows that the pseudo spin-gap does not always exist in the light-doped bilayer systems. 相似文献
39.
CH Park K Nishimura M Kitano K Matsuda Y Okamoto T Ban 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,111(5):1092-1102
This study investigated the mechanism of right ventricular failure during bypass of the left side of the heart by precisely assessing right ventricular function with use of a conductance catheter. Bypass of the left side of the heart was established with a centrifugal pump in 10 mongrel dogs weighing 11 to 19 kg. Right ventricular function during left heart bypass was evaluated by two parameters that were both derived from measurement of relative change in right ventricular volume by the conductance catheter technique. One parameter was the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as a load-independent index, and the other was the peak right ventricular pressure-right ventricular stroke volume relationship as a "force-velocity relationship." These parameters were measured in both normal and failing hearts while afterload was increased by bilateral intrapulmonary balloon inflation. Moreover, changes in these relationships were observed by varying assist ratios of left heart bypass from 0% to 100%. Failing heart models were induced by normothermic aortic clamping for 20 minutes. The right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in normal hearts did not change, irrespective of the assist ratio of left heart bypass, whereas that in failing hearts decreased from 4.25 +/- 1.41 mm Hg/ml without bypass of the left side of the heart to 3.53 +/- 1.30 mm Hg/ml after 100% assist of left heart bypass (p < 0.05). In the peak right ventricular pressure-right ventricular stroke volume relationship, right ventricular stroke volume was almost constant in normal hearts when afterload was increased regardless of the assist ratio of left heart bypass. Moreover, right ventricular stroke volume was maintained at a higher level during bypass of the left side of the heart compared with that without left heart bypass. However, that slope of the relationship in failing hearts was inversely linear and became significantly steeper after 100% assist of bypass of the left side of the heart compared with that without left heart bypass (-0.131 +/- 0.042 versus -0.051 +/- 0.038, p < 0.005). Therefore ++these two slopes of the relationship intersected at a point that was considered the critical point of afterload during bypass of the left side of the heart. In other words, right ventricular stroke volume was decreased by 100% left heart bypass above the critical point of afterload. In conclusion, this study demonstrates not only that bypass of the left side of the heart results in an increase in right ventricular stroke volume in both normal and failing hearts at the physiologic range of afterload, but also that right ventricular function against higher afterload is impaired by 100% assist of bypass of the left side of the heart in failing hearts. 相似文献
40.
Hiroki Yamaguchi Tsuneo Hanawa Oto Yamamoto Yu Matsuda Yasuhiro Egami Tomohide Niimi 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2011,11(1):57-64
The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) was investigated experimentally from the mass flow rate through a
single microtube under the slip flow and the early part of the transition regime. The measurements were carried out by the
constant-volume method under the mean Knudsen number smaller than 0.3, which is based on the mean pressure of the inlet and
the outlet of the microtube, to apply the second-order slip boundary condition. To measure TMACs on various materials, quite
large microtube was employed, which require the reduction in leakage. TMAC was obtained from the slip coefficient determined
by the relation of the mass flow rate to the mean Knudsen number. The obtained mass flow rate was well explained by the theoretical
equation. TMACs of deactivated-fused silica with argon, nitrogen, and oxygen were measured, showing the tangential momentum
was not accommodated completely to the surface, and the values showed good agreement with previous studies. From the comparison
between microtubes with different inner diameter, it is showed that TMAC is determined mainly by gas species and surface material. 相似文献