Effects of anion and cation doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS

The PbCl_xS_1-x and Pb_1-xBi_xS (x? =?0–0.05) bulks were fabricated with a facile method of hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering, and the effect of anionic and cationic donors on the thermoelectric performance of PbS was investigated. Although Cl^? and Bi³⁺ both effectively improved the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS, more excellent thermoelectric performance was obtained from Cl^? doped samples because of higher electrical property and lower thermal conductivity at higher temperature (T? >?600?K). The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) reaches 1.04 for PbCl_0.015S_0.985 at 800?K and increases with temperature increasing without sign of saturation, which is probably the highest value ever reported for single-phase polycrystalline n-type PbS. The results also indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering can realize anion doping as well as cation doping for n-type PbS at low cost, and PbS should be a robust alternative for PbTe thermoelectric materials.     

Single copper sites dispersed on hierarchically porous carbon for improving oxygen reduction reaction towards zinc-air battery

The demand for high-performance non-precious-metal electrocatalysts to replace the noble metal-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is intensively increasing.Herein,single-atomic copper sites supported on N-doped three-dimensional hierarchically porous carbon catalyst(Cu₁/NC)was prepared by coordination pyrolysis strategy.Remarkably,the Cu₁/NC-900 catalyst not only exhibits excellent ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.894 V(vs.RHE)in alkaline media,outperforming those of commercial Pt/C(0.851 V)and Cu nanoparticles anchored on N-doped porous carbon(CuNPs/NC-900),but also demonstrates high stability and methanol tolerance.Moreover,the Cu₁/NC-900 based Zn-air battery exhibits higher power density,rechargeability and cyclic stability than the one based on Pt/C.Both experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrated that the excellent performance of the as-obtained Cu₁/NC-900 could be attributed to the synergistic effect between copper coordinated by three N atoms active sites and the neighbouring carbon defect,resulting in elevated Cu d-band centers of Cu atoms and facilitating intermediate desorption for ORR process.This study may lead towards the development of highly efficient non-noble metal catalysts for applications in electrochemical energy conversion.     

含煤盆地深层“超饱和”煤层气形成条件

中国深层煤层气资源丰富，但总体勘探和认识程度较低，尚未形成较为系统的深层煤层气地质理论。通过解剖分析准噶尔盆地白家海凸起和鄂尔多斯盆地临兴区块深层"超饱和"煤层气井的试气/生产动态，估算原地游离气的含气量，分析了深层"超饱和"煤层气的形成条件。研究表明：①深层"超饱和"煤层气储层中除吸附气外，还含有原地游离气，用常规试气方法可直接获得气流，煤层气的产出不明显依赖于排水降压；②埋藏超过一定深度，在煤阶和温度的综合作用下，煤的吸附能力将随埋深的继续增加而降低，煤层中吸附气的饱和度有增加的趋势，在达到吸附饱和后，出现原地游离气并形成"超饱和"煤层气，盆地深层具有"超饱和"煤层气形成的优势条件；③由于地温梯度和压力梯度的不同，不同盆地"超饱和"煤层气出现的临界深度不同，异常高压和异常高热流可以降低深层"超饱和"煤层气形成的临界深度；④深层"超饱和"煤层气开发具有大大缩短见气时间、充分利用地层能量和累积产水量低等优势，有望成为未来煤层气勘探开发的一个重要领域。     

Application of Mono‐ and Disaccharides in Drug Targeting and Efficacy

Carbohydrates and their conjugates play important roles in many biological processes including fertilization, differentiation, development, immune response, and infection. Their activities are largely dependent on the properties of terminal mono‐ or disaccharides. Galactose, mannose, fucose, glucose, sialic acid, etc., are commonly used as powerful scaffolds installed on drug molecules for targeting specific tissues including brain, liver, and cancers, and as epitopes for enhancing the targeting of various vaccines. This review focuses on the influence of their structural variations, including changes in sugar type, substituent groups and their positions, as well as length of linker portion, on the targeting of drugs or their efficacy. Particular attention is paid to the targeting properties of mono‐ and disaccharides applied in drug design and discovery.     

Nonlinear system identification using BBO-based multilayer perceptron network method

Microsystem Technologies - Recently, nonlinear system identification has received increasingly more attention due to its promising applications in engineering fields. It has become a challenging...     

氢型丝光沸石催化剂催化α-蒎烯合成α-松油醇

在相转移助剂苄基三乙基氯化铵(BTEAC)存在下,以氢型丝光沸石(HM)为催化剂,原料α-蒎烯经开环、重排及水合反应一步法合成了α-松油醇。研究了各种因素对α-蒎烯转化率及α-松油醇收率的影响,采用5因素4水平L16(45)进行了正交实验,得出最佳的工艺条件:反应温度80℃,w(BTEAC)=15%,m(HM)∶m(α-蒎烯)=0.6,反应时间40h,m(乙酸乙酯)∶m(α-蒎烯)=0.9。在此条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为75.2%,α-松油醇收率为42.0%。用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对反应产物进行分析,共鉴定出14种化合物,主要成分为α-松油醇、α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、桉叶油素、异松油烯、龙脑等。实验得到的α-松油醇具有光学活性,旋光值[α]=+61°,同时香气纯正,可用于制作香料。     

对重油催化裂化反应历程的若干再认识——"新型多区协控重油催化裂化技术MZCC"的提出

基于对重油催化裂化反应历程的若干再认识,以高油剂混合能量短接触时间催化裂化为工艺基础,提出了进料强返混、反应平流推进、产物超快分离及化学汽提的分区协同控制新理念和实现分区协同控制反应的新技术.并且为实现高油剂混合能量短接触时间催化裂化提出了新型反应器结构;同时对汽提段的功能进行了拓展与强化,提出了"化学汽提器"的概念.分区协同控制反应的技术以进一步提高轻质油收率和实现装置长周期运行为目标,有着重要的理论和实际意义.     

φ90mm低铬铸球开裂失效分析

φ90mm低铬铸球在做落球试验中过早出现开裂现象。将该铸球材质进行化学成分分析、力学性能测定及金相组织观察。分析结果表明，该铸球的材料中夹杂物含量较高，其硬度值又偏高，铸球内部又存在严重缩松及其铸态组织中存在大量奥氏体转变产物，致使铸球在落球试验中过早开裂。经过工艺措施的改进，解决了铸球出现过早开裂的现象。     

用CMOS工艺实现VSR光电集成接收机的途径

介绍了10Gbit／s速率的甚短距离光传输系统VSR(Very Short Reach)中的接收机。分析了几种有希望用于VSR系统的CMOS工艺兼容的光电探测器。提出用CMOS电路实现VSR光电集成(OEIC)接收机的可能性和实现方法。     

16信道0.35μmCMOS/VCSEL光发射模块

研究了垂直腔面发射激光器 (VCSEL)及其列阵器件的光谱特性、调制特性、高频特性及与微电子电路的兼容性 ,将 1× 16的VCSEL与CMOS专用集成电路进行多芯片组装 (MCM ) ,混合集成为 16信道VCSEL光发射功能模块 .测试过程中 ,功能模块的光电特性及其均匀性良好 ,测量的 - 3dB频带宽度大于 2GHz.