Mild functionalization of carbon nanotubes filled epoxy composites: Effect on electromagnetic interferences shielding effectiveness

The effect of nitric acid mild functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of epoxy composites was examined. MWCNTs were oxidized by concentrated nitric acid under reflux conditions, with different reaction times. The dispersion of MWCNTs after functionalization was improved due to the presence of oxygen functional groups on the nanotubes surface. Functionalization at 2 h exhibits the highest EMI SE and electrical conductivity of MWCNTs filled epoxy composites. However, EMI shielding performance of MWCNTs filled epoxy composite declined when the functionalization reaction time was prolonged. This was due to extensive damage on the MWCNT structure, as verified by a Raman spectroscope. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42557.     

A particle method for two‐phase flows with large density difference

A new numerical approach for solving incompressible two‐phase flows is presented in the framework of the recently developed Consistent Particle Method (CPM). In the context of the Lagrangian particle formulation, the CPM computes spatial derivatives based on the generalized finite difference scheme and produces good results for single‐phase flow problems. Nevertheless, for two‐phase flows, the method cannot be directly applied near the fluid interface because of the abrupt discontinuity of fluid density resulting in large change in pressure gradient. This problem is resolved by dealing with the pressure gradient normalized by density, leading to a two‐phase CPM of which the original singlephase CPM is a special case. In addition, a new adaptive particle selection scheme is proposed to overcome the problem of ill‐conditioned coefficient matrix of pressure Poisson equation when particles are sparse and non‐uniformly spaced. Numerical examples of Rayleigh–Taylor instability, gravity current flow, water‐air sloshing and dam break are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in wave profile and pressure solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大数据中效用挖掘的快速单阶段算法

现有数据挖掘算法的缺点是在挖掘大数据时会出现大量候选模式,从而造成可伸缩性瓶颈,个别算法虽然不生成候选模式,但是计算代价高昂,缺乏有效剪裁,运行效率存在瓶颈.为此,提出一个全新的单阶段不生成候选模式的数据挖掘算法,其创新性有3点:一是基于前缀生长的模式枚举和基于效用上限值评估的剪裁策略;二是基于稀疏矩阵和虚拟投影的效用信息表达;三是节省存储空间的深度优先搜索方法.大量实验表明,新算法的时间效率比现有算法高5倍以上,并且内存使用量比现有算法少20％～60％,可伸缩性高.     

多频采光智能矫姿护眼照明设备设计

随着用户对智能照明设备要求的不断提升,目前市面上的照明产品已难以很好地满足智能家居的应用需求.设计一款以ESPS32芯片和Jet-son Nano为主控的多频采光智能矫姿护眼照明设备,将红外人体检测、多频采集光线强度、智能调光及坐姿识别等技术集于一体.采集外界环境光线后通过PID控制算法得出当前环境最佳光线的调节方案,以达到护眼效果;通过Jetson Nano板载摄像头实时检测用户坐姿,在检测到不良坐姿时通过语音提醒用户端正坐姿.设计的设备操作简单便捷,运行安全稳定,应用广泛,低功耗、高性能,具有一定的应用价值.     

工业废渣混凝土对称双排四孔多孔砖抗折强度的试验研究与数值模拟

基于相关的试验和非线性有限元计算等手段,对实用化程度较高的工业废渣混凝土对称双排四孔多孔砖抗折性能进行了试验研究和相关的数值模拟.得到了该试件在折压状态下的宏观变形形态,以及不同载荷加载情况下多孔砖裂缝的发生位置,并将其数值模拟结果与试验测试结果进行了比较、分析.为该类多孔砖孔型的设计与优化提供了有利的依据.     

Role of salt on adhesion of an epoxy/aluminum (oxide) interface in aqueous environments

Joints held by polymeric adhesives are commonplace in many engineered products, but normal service can require exposure to environmental conditions that present a significant challenge for maintaining the structural integrity of the interface. In particular, aqueous environments can wreak havoc on the joint strength. Here, a mechanistic approach is used to understand the difference in the debonding behavior of an epoxy/aluminum (oxide) interface when exposed to deionized (DI) water and aqueous sodium chloride by correlating macroscopic failure with the sorption of salt and water into the adhesive and its nanoscale distribution. For the epoxy‐aluminum system examined here, the presence of sodium chloride increases the resistance to crack growth in comparison to DI water. The debonding appears to be controlled by water near the buried interface. Salt water decreases the solubility of water in the epoxy and decreases the concentration of water near the buried interface, but the concentration of salt that enters the epoxy is below the detection limit. Thus, even if ions cannot penetrate or sorb into the adhesive, the presence of salt can significantly alter the water distribution within the adhesive and ultimately the strength of the joint. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:18–26, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Surface degradation and nanoparticle release of a commercial nanosilica/polyurethane coating under UV exposure

Many coating properties such as mechanical, electrical, and ultraviolet (UV) resistance are greatly enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles, which can potentially increase the use of nanocoatings for many outdoor applications. However, because polymers used in all coatings are susceptible to degradation by weathering, nanoparticles in a coating may be brought to the surface and released into the environment during the life cycle of a nanocoating. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the process and mechanism of surface degradation and potential particle release from a commercial nanosilica/polyurethane coating under accelerated UV exposure. Recent research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has shown that the matrix in an epoxy nanocomposite undergoes photodegradation during exposure to UV radiation, resulting in surface accumulation of nanoparticles and subsequent release from the composite. In this study, specimens of a commercial polyurethane (PU) coating, to which a 5 mass% surface-treated silica nanoparticle solution was added, were exposed to well-controlled, accelerated UV environments. The nanocoating surface morphological changes and surface accumulation of nanoparticles as a function of UV exposure were measured, along with chemical change and mass loss using a variety of techniques. Particles from the surface of the coating were collected using a simulated rain process developed at NIST, and the collected runoff specimens were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy to determine the amount of silicon released from the nanocoatings. The results demonstrated that the added silica nanoparticle solution decreased the photodegradation rate (i.e., stabilization) of the commercial PU nanocoating. Although the degradation was slower than the previous nanosilica epoxy model system, the degradation of the PU matrix resulted in accumulation of silica nanoparticles on the nanocoating surface and release to the environment by simulated rain. These experimental data are valuable for developing models to predict the long-term release of nanosilica from commercial PU nanocoatings used outdoors and, therefore, are essential for assessing the health and environmental risks during the service life of exterior PU nanocoatings.