Mining Web informative structures and contents based on entropy analysis

We study the problem of mining the informative structure of a news Web site that consists of thousands of hyperlinked documents. We define the informative structure of a news Web site as a set of index pages (or referred to as TOC, i.e., table of contents, pages) and a set of article pages linked by these TOC pages. Based on the Hyperlink Induced Topics Search (HITS) algorithm, we propose an entropy-based analysis (LAMIS) mechanism for analyzing the entropy of anchor texts and links to eliminate the redundancy of the hyperlinked structure so that the complex structure of a Web site can be distilled. However, to increase the value and the accessibility of pages, most of the content sites tend to publish their pages with intrasite redundant information, such as navigation panels, advertisements, copy announcements, etc. To further eliminate such redundancy, we propose another mechanism, called InfoDiscoverer, which applies the distilled structure to identify sets of article pages. InfoDiscoverer also employs the entropy information to analyze the information measures of article sets and to extract informative content blocks from these sets. Our result is useful for search engines, information agents, and crawlers to index, extract, and navigate significant information from a Web site. Experiments on several real news Web sites show that the precision and the recall of our approaches are much superior to those obtained by conventional methods in mining the informative structures of news Web sites. On the average, the augmented LAMIS leads to prominent performance improvement and increases the precision by a factor ranging from 122 to 257 percent when the desired recall falls between 0.5 and 1. In comparison with manual heuristics, the precision and the recall of InfoDiscoverer are greater than 0.956.     

Development of the eroded opening during electrochemical boring of hole

Electrochemical machining (ECM) has been increasingly recognized as a potential tool for mini-scale machining. Using the ECM process to erode a hole of hundreds of micrometres on a thin metal sheet is analysed in this paper. The purpose of this study is to predict the hole formation, particularly when boring through the hole. A theoretical method is presented to illustrate how the machined profile evolves. The analysis is based on the fundamental law of electrolysis and the integral of the electrochemical reaction over the finite width of the tool electrode. A concept of redistribution of electric charge is adopted in the model when the hole is bored through. The approach of the model is verified experimentally.     

A study on surface polishing of SiC with a tribochemical reaction mechanism

This work investigates the surface polishing of silicon carbide SiC using the tribochemical reaction mechanism. Different metal discs – cast iron, AISI 304 stainless steel, S45C medium carbon steel plated chromium, brass and copper – are used to polish SiC in water and kerosene, respectively. The experimental results show that ferrous metal discs can effectively polish SiC in water. Also, no surface damage or scratches on the polished surface of SiC are observed by this method. The polishing debris was analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The analyzed results indicate that the polishing surface of SiC is removed tribochemically with the aid of catalytic effect of iron oxide. Moreover, in this process the maximum material removal rate is about 0.06 m/h.     

A self‐calibrated delay‐locked loop with low static phase error

In conventional delay‐locked loop circuits, the charge and discharge of the charge pump result in mismatched current reflecting the size of the static phase error. The static phase error between feedback clock and reference clock is likely to be within tens or hundreds of picoseconds (ps). We thus propose an approach using digital calibration methods to reduce the charge pump current mismatch by means of the setup time of the D‐type flip flop. The setup time of D‐type flip flop is determined and duplicated to detect the phase error between the reference clock and feedback clock. It results in a very small static phase error between the reference clock and feedback clock. This paper used a 0.18 µm CMOS process design, with a reference frequency of 700 ~ 900 MHz. The active area is 0.031 mm², and the phase error after correction is less than 5 ps. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clean up of Petroleum-Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Enhanced Bioremediation System: Laboratory Feasibility Study

The objective of this study was to assess the potential of applying enhanced bioremediation on the treatment of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Microcosm experiments were conducted to determine the optimal biodegradation conditions. The control factors included oxygen content, nutrient addition, addition of commercially available mixed microbial inocula, addition of wood chip and rice husk mixtures (volume ratio = 1:1) as bulking agents, and addition of organic amendments (chicken manures). Results indicate that the supplement of microbial inocula or chicken manures could significantly increase the microbial populations in soils, and thus enhance the efficiency of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal (initial TPH = 5,500?mg/kg). The highest first-order TPH decay rate and removal ratio were approximately 0.015?day?1 and 85%, respectively, observed in microcosms containing microbial inocula (mass ratio of soil to inocula = 50:1), nutrient, and bulking agent (volume ratio of soil to bulking agent = 10 to 1) during 155 days of incubation. Results indicate that the first-order TPH decay rates of 0.015 and 0.0142?day?1 can be obtained with the addition of microbial inocula and chicken manures, respectively, compared with the decay rate of 0.0069?day?1 under intrinsic conditions. Thus, chicken manures have the potential to be used as substitutes of commercial microbial inocula. The decay rate and removal ratio can be further enhanced to 0.0196?day?1 and 87%, respectively, with frequent soil shaking and air replacement. Results will be useful in designing an ex situ soil bioremediation systems (e.g., biopile and land farming) for practical application.     

miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p Enable Megakaryocytic Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells without Thrombopoietin

Megakaryocytes release submicron size microparticles (MkMPs) in circulation. We have shown that MkMPs target CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce megakaryocytic differentiation, and that small RNAs in MkMPs play an important role in the development of this phenotype. Here, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we identify the synergetic effect of two microRNAs (miRs), miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p (highly enriched in MkMPs), in driving the Mk differentiation of HSPCs in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO). Separately, our data suggest that the MkMP-induced Mk differentiation of HSPCs is enabled through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The interaction between the two signaling pathways is likely mediated by a direct target of miR-486-5p and a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein. Our data provide a possible mechanistic explanation of the biological effect of MkMPs in inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, a phenotype of potential physiological significance in stress megakaryopoiesis.     

On the treatment of boundary conditions by the method of artificial parameters

A procedure to deal with various boundary conditions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method is discussed herein, namely, the method of artificial parameters. The method is then applied to solve a simple string problem; results obtained compare very nicely with exact solutions.     

Molecular layer deposition of an organic-based magnetic semiconducting laminate

Organic-based magnets are intriguing materials with unique magnetic and electronic properties that can be tailored by chemical methodology. By using molecular layer deposition (MLD), we demonstrate the thin film fabrication of V[TCNE: tetracyanoethylene](x), of the first known room temperature organic-based magnet. The resulting films exhibit improvement in surface morphology, larger coercivity (80 Oe), and higher Curie temperature/thermal stability (up to 400 K). Recently, the MLD method has been widely studied to implement fine control of organic film growth for various applications. This work broadens its application to magnetic and charge transfer materials and opens new opportunities for metal-organic hybrid material development and their applications in various multilayer film device structures. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the multilayer V[TCNE](x) as a spin injector combining LSMO, an standard inorganic magnetic semiconductor, for spintronics applications.     

IEEE802．15．4的MAC协议实现

IEEE802．15．4协议是无线传感网中多采用的一种低速率、低功耗、低成本的无线通信协议。Imote2是Intel公司推出的高集成度的无线传感器平台。文中介绍了Imote2平台以及IPF．FS02．15．4协议,及网络驱动程序的体系结构,给出了实现IEEE802．15．4的MAC协议过程中的关键函数,还对MAC协议实现中的中断服务响应以及时钟等关键问题进行了描述。并分别对节点的工作性能及组网时节点的性能及损耗进行了测试,给出了系统的性能。结果显示,该种实现方法有效地保证了系统的性能并且可以达到无线传感网组网需求。     

Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review

Muscle wasting, known to develop in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a deleterious consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Muscle wasting in CKD mainly involves dysregulated muscle protein metabolism and impaired muscle cell regeneration. In this narrative review, we discuss the cardinal role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, which have been extensively investigated using animal and human studies, as well as the emerging concepts in microRNA- and gut microbiota-mediated regulation of muscle mass and myogenesis. To ameliorate muscle loss, therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise programs, pharmacological interventions, and physical modalities, are being increasingly developed based on advances in understanding its underlying pathophysiology.